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====Quantity and extents: {{lang|ja|と}} {{transliteration|ja|to}}, {{lang|ja|も}} {{transliteration|ja|mo}}, {{lang|ja|か}} {{transliteration|ja|ka}}, {{lang|ja|や}} {{transliteration|ja|ya}}, {{lang|ja|から}} {{transliteration|ja|kara}}, {{lang|ja|まで}} {{transliteration|ja|made}}==== To conjoin nouns, と ''to'' is used. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | かばん に は、 教科書 三冊 と 漫画本 五冊 を 入れて います。 | Kaban ni wa kyōkasho san-satsu to manga-bon go-satsu o irete imasu | I have three textbooks and five comic books in the bag.}} The additive particle {{nihongo||も|mo}} can be used to conjoin larger nominals and clauses. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | ヨハン は ドイツ人 だ。 ブリゲッタ も ドイツ人 だ。 | YOHAN wa DOITSU-jin da. BURIGETTA mo DOITSU-jin da | Johann is a German. Brigitte is a German too.}} {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | 彼 は 映画 スター で あり、 政治家 で も ある。 | kare wa eiga SUTĀ de ari, seijika de mo aru | He is a movie star and also a politician.}} For an incomplete list of conjuncts, {{nihongo||や|ya}} is used. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | ボリス や イバン を 呼べ。 | BORISU ya IBAN o yobe | Call Boris, Ivan, etc.}} When only one of the conjuncts is necessary, the disjunctive particle {{nihongo||か|ka}} is used. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | 寿司 か 刺身 か、 何か 注文 して ね。 | sushi ka sashimi ka, nanika chūmon shite ne | Please order ''sushi'' or ''sashimi'' or something.}} Quantities are listed between {{nihongo|'from'|から|kara}} and {{nihongo|'to'|まで|made}}. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | 華氏 92 度 から 96 度 まで の 熱 は 心配 する もの で は ない。 | Kashi 92 do kara 96 do made no netsu wa shinpai suru mono de wa nai | A temperature between 92 Fahrenheit and 96 is not worrisome.}} This pair can also be used to indicate time or space. : {{lang|ja|朝9時(午前9時)から11時まで授業があるんだ。}} : {{transliteration|ja|asa ku-ji kara jūichi-ji made jugyō ga aru n da}} : You see, I have classes between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. Because {{transliteration|ja|kara}} indicates starting point or origin, it has a related use as "because", analogously to English "[[wikt:since|since]]" (in the sense of both "from" and "because"): {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | スミスさん は とても 積極的 な 人 です から、 いつも 全部 頼まれて いる の かもしれません。 | SUMISU-san wa totemo sekkyokuteki na hito desu kara, itsumo zenbu tanomarete iru no kamoshiremasen | Mr. Smith, because you're so assertive, you may always be asked to do everything.}} The particle {{transliteration|ja|kara}} and a related particle {{transliteration|ja|yori}} are used to indicate lowest extents: prices, business hours, etc. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | 私たち の 店 は 7時 より 営業 して おります。 | Watashitachi no mise wa shichi-ji yori eigyō shite orimasu | Our shop is open for business from 7 onwards.}} {{transliteration|ja|Yori}} is also used in the sense of "than". {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 | お前 は 姉ちゃん より うるさい ん だ! | omae wa nē-chan yori urusai n da | You are louder/more talkative than my elder sister!}}
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