Editing Inline skates (section)

== Setups ==

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | width1 = 144
 | width2 = 175
 | image1 = Razors Shift Jeph Howard 2-Profile-IMG 6111-bg-FRD.png
 | image2 = Powerslide Reign Ares hybrid skates-on Endless 90 Trinity frame and 110mm wheels-ortho side view-IMG 4978-bg-FRD.png
 | footer = Standard aggro vs. big-wheel urban setup
}}

Terminology around '''skate setups''' can vary depending on the skating discipline. For an urban skater, a '''big-wheel setup''' typically means either a four-wheel configuration with wheels larger than usual (e.g. 4x90mm), or a '''triskate''' with three wheels, usually 110mm or larger. In contrast, for aggressive skaters, anything with wheels 80mm or larger qualifies as a big-wheel setup. Meanwhile, for speed skaters, large wheels are the standard. To them, a triskate with wheels smaller than 125mm is considered small and unconventional. Labels such as "big-wheel" and "triskate" refer not just to the wheels but also to the frame and boot. For example, a triskate with 125mm wheels requires a more robust frame and a supportive boot to handle the increased leverage and speed.<ref name="inmoveskates-big-wheels">{{cite web
|url=https://www.inmoveskates.com/learning-center/about-wheels/big-wheels-inline-skates-expirience
|title=Big wheels inline skates experience
|date=2022-07-12
|first1=Steven
|last1=Sanchez
|website=InMove Skates
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105074627/https://www.inmoveskates.com/learning-center/about-wheels/big-wheels-inline-skates-expirience
|archive-date=2024-11-05
|access-date=2025-05-04
}}</ref><ref name="ricardo-lino-on-triskates-2016">{{cite web
|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB44yOWbVmY
|first1=Ricardo
|last1=Lino
|title=Why Triskates? The Latest Generation Inline Skate
|date=2016-12-13
|others=See video transcript
|website=youtube.com
|language=en
|format=video
}}</ref><ref name="inline-warehouse-choose-urban-skates"/><ref name="skatepro-all-aspects-of-speed-skates"/>

Generally, a '''wheel setup''' refers to both the '''number''' and '''size''' of wheels on a skate. A '''4x80mm''' setup, which uses four wheels each measuring 80mm in diameter, is common for recreational skates. A '''3x110mm''' setup, featuring three 110mm wheels, has become popular among urban skaters in the 2020s. There are also five-wheel configurations such as '''5x80mm''', which were widely used in the speed skating scene during the 1990s but are now primarily associated with wizard skating.<ref name="welch-demystify-inline-disciplines"/><ref name="bladeville-wizard-frames-and-rest"/>

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | total_width = 360
 | image1 = Roxa Xtreme.jpg
 | image2 = Ultra Wheels inline skates-ca 1986-IMG 5781-Rockered wheel setup-FRD.png
 | footer = Flat setup (left) vs. rockered setup (right)
}}

Beyond count and size, wheel setups also differ in how the wheels are '''arranged''', resulting in distinct skating experiences even with identical wheel numbers and sizes. For example, when all four wheels in a 4x80mm setup touch the ground evenly, it’s called a '''flat setup''' or flat configuration. When the front and rear wheels are slightly raised, forming a banana-like curve in the profile of the wheel set, it’s known as a classic '''rockered setup'''. Another variation is the '''hi-lo setup''', where progressively smaller wheels are installed from rear to front (for example, 80-78-76-74mm). In this setup, all four wheels remain in contact with the ground, but the heel sits higher than the toe, simulating a slight forward lean or flex.<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rockering"/><ref name="rerolling-inline-boot-frame-wheel-setups"/>

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | width1 = 148
 | width2 = 180
 | image1 = Inline skate parts-Boot n Frame-One wheel removed-PS Tau urban boot-Nexus Rocker 235mm frame-PS Spinner 90mm wheels-Right skate-IMG 3786-IMG -5879-FRD.png
 | image2 = Trinity mount-side view-PS Tau boot-Endless 90 Trinity frame-3x110mm wheels-IMG 3983-bg-FRD.png
 | footer = Same boot on different frames and wheels
}}

A skater may '''customize''' a single boot with different wheel setups depending on the intended use. For example, a short frame with four soft 80mm wheels might be mounted for indoor skating. On another day, the same boot could be fitted with a longer frame using three harder 110mm wheels for outdoor long-distance sessions. Some frames are designed to support multiple configurations. The Endless 90 frame, for instance, is well known for accommodating both a 4x90mm setup and a 3x110mm setup. Even without changing the frame or boot, swapping wheels with different hardness, rebound, diameter, or profile can significantly alter the skating experience.<ref name="inline-warehouse-frame-buying-guide"/><ref name="endlessblading-86-frame-spec-comparison"/>

Regardless of the setup, skaters must '''rotate''' their wheels periodically to maintain even wear and preserve the intended wheel profile. For example, the front wheel often wears out more quickly, which can gradually shift a flat setup into a front-rockered one, if rotations are neglected. In some cases, specific rotation patterns take advantage of natural wear to achieve a particular profile, such as the hi-lo configuration.<ref name="rollerblades-dryland-training-1985"/>{{rp|81–86}}

=== Wheel rotation ===

[[File:Worn Wheels-Labeda Gripper Asphalt 80mm 85A inline skate wheel-IMG 7242-bg-FRD.png|thumb|right|x170px|Severely worn (left) vs moderately worn (right)]]

Inline skate wheels are consumable components that '''wear down''' with use and require periodic rotation and eventual replacement. Typically, front wheels experience faster wear than rear wheels, and the inside edges degrade more quickly than the outside. Right-handed skaters often cause greater wear on the wheels of the right skate, the dominant foot, compared to the left. Excessive lopsided wear on one edge causes that side to lose its original wheel profile, compromising its intended performance. Severely worn polyurethane tires may become too thin and risk de-coring (disbonding from wheel hub) while a skater is in motion.<ref name="rollerblades-dryland-training-1985"/>{{rp|81–86}}<ref name="powell-svensson-inline-skating"/>{{rp|45–50}}<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rotation">{{cite web
|url=https://skating.thierstein.net/Knowledge/Inline_Skating_Rollerblading_Information_Wheel_rotation.html
|title=Inline Skating Knowledge: Rotating Wheels
|first1=Markus
|last1=Thierstein
|website=Skating Thierstein
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228235646/https://skating.thierstein.net/Knowledge/Inline_Skating_Rollerblading_Information_Wheel_rotation.html
|archive-date=2025-02-28
|access-date=2025-04-29
}}</ref><ref name="inlineskates-wheel-rotation-and-maintenance">{{cite web
|url=https://www.inlineskates.com/Inline-Skate-Wheel-Rotation-and-Maintenance/article-5-7-2012,default,pg.html
|title=Inline Skate Wheel Rotation and Maintenance
|website=Inline Skates
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018235539/https://www.inlineskates.com/Inline-Skate-Wheel-Rotation-and-Maintenance/article-5-7-2012,default,pg.html
|archive-date=2021-10-18
|access-date=2021-10-18
}}</ref>

Regular wheel rotation helps distribute wear evenly, similar to tire rotation in car. This practice prevents any single wheel from becoming prematurely unusable and extends the functional lifespan of the entire set.<ref name="rollerblades-dryland-training-1985"/>{{rp|81–86}}<ref name="inlineskates-wheel-rotation-and-maintenance"/>

'''Wheel rotation''' generally involves three types of adjustments. First, wheels can be '''repositioned''' between axles to balance diameter differences, typically by moving less-worn wheels to positions that experience faster wear. Second, wheels can be '''flipped''' to reverse the inside and outside edges, mitigating lopsided wear caused by specific skating motions such as push-offs. Third, wheels can be '''swapped''' between the left and right skates to address asymmetrical wear due to foot dominance.<ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-inline-wheels"/><ref name="joyner-inline-hockey-1995"/>{{rp|41–42}}<ref name="miller-get-rolling-2003"/>{{rp|41–45}}<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rotation"/>

[[File:Wheel rotation-pattern 1 3 2 4-for 4 wheel setup-inline skates.svg|thumb|right|x180px|1-3/24 rotation]]

The most commonly-used rotation pattern for a four-wheel setup in the 21st century is the '''1-3/2-4 rotation'''. This method involves exchanging the first (frontmost) wheel with the third, and the second with the fourth (rearmost). This repositioning helps balance differences in wheel diameter caused by uneven wear. Simultaneously, each wheel is swapped between the left and right skates, effectively flipping them so that a worn inside edge becomes the outside edge on the opposite skate. This process addresses both lopsided edge wear and asymmetrical wear between skates. At some point, all of these regularly-rotated wheels become severely worn and can be replaced together with a new set.<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rotation"/><ref name="inlineskates-wheel-rotation-and-maintenance"/><ref name="powell-svensson-inline-skating"/>{{rp|45–50}}<ref name="miller-get-rolling-2003"/>{{rp|41–45}}

[[File:Wheel rotation-pattern 4 1 2 3-for 4 wheel setup-inline skates.svg|thumb|right|x180px|4-1-2-3 rotation]]

Various other rotation patterns may be appropriate depending on the skater’s style, discipline, and equipment. The optimal rotation method and frequency should be determined based on observed wear patterns, which can be influenced by factors such as the skater's weight, technique, skating surface roughness, and local climate conditions.<ref name="joyner-inline-hockey-1995"/>{{rp|41–42}}<ref name="powell-svensson-inline-skating"/>{{rp|45–50}}<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rotation"/>

Another widely used rotation pattern, the first documented method, is the '''4-1-2-3 rotation'''. It was first described in ''Rollerblades: Dryland Training for Ice Hockey'', a book commissioned by Scott Olson in 1985. In this pattern, the frontmost wheel is moved to the fourth axle position, while the second, third, and rearmost wheels each shift forward by one position. Over time, each wheel rotates through all four axle positions in a typical four-wheel setup. Like the 1-3/2-4 rotation, this method helps distribute wear evenly across all wheels, allowing the entire set to be replaced at once when fully worn.<ref name="rollerblades-dryland-training-1985"/>{{rp|81–86}}<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rotation"/><ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-inline-wheels"/>

[[File:Wheel rotation-pattern Hi Lo-for 4 wheel setup-inline skates.svg|thumb|right|x180px|Hi-lo rotation]]

Yet another rotation method, known as the '''hi-lo rotation''', is designed to minimize abrupt changes in effective wheel diameters that can occur following full wheel set replacements, an unintended side effect of both the 1-3/2-4 and 4-1-2-3 patterns. In this method, four wheels are removed from each skate, and all eight are stacked into a vertical column, sorted by observed diameter from largest (at the bottom) to smallest and most worn (at the top). If needed, the '''two most worn wheels''' at the top are '''discarded''', and '''two new wheels''' are '''added''' to the bottom of the stack. The smallest remaining wheel is then mounted on the frontmost axle of the non-dominant skate, with its worn side facing outward. The second smallest wheel is mounted on the frontmost axle of the dominant skate. This process continues in ascending order of diameter, ending with the largest new wheel mounted on the rearmost axle of the dominant skate. The result is a '''hi-lo wheel setup''' that simulates forward flex, which some skaters prefer. Additionally, this method introduces minimal perceptible variation in '''ride height''' across rotations.<ref name="markus-thierstein-wheel-rotation"/>

=== Assemblies ===

[[File:Inline skate parts-Frame-Nexus Rockerable 235mm frame-PS Spinner 90mm wheels-IMG 5890-FRD.png|thumb|right|240px|Some components of a skate]]

Customization discussions often focus on swapping or upgrading individual skate components. A given boot can accommodate a variety of compatible frames, and each frame is designed to receive a specific range of wheel sizes. Bearings and spacers within the wheels can be upgraded or replaced, as can axle screws, bolts, and bushings. In some cases, a particular combination of components is treated as a single unit during customization conversations.<ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-inline-wheels"/><ref name="joyner-inline-hockey-1995"/>{{rp|19–24}}

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | total_width = 400
 | footer = Bearing assembly (left). Wheel & axle assemblies (right)
 | image1 = Bones REDS bearing-Powerslide Aluminum spacers-Endless inline skate frame axle-IMG 5065-FRD.jpg
 | image2 = K2 Sports-US20190247739A1-2018-Inline skate-frame wheel and axle assemblies-Patent Drawing-FIG 5.png
}}

While consumers and retailers typically lack standardized terms for these combinations, the skate industry uses the term assembly to describe them. In patent applications, where consistency and precision are important within individual applications, several types of assemblies are commonly defined. An '''axle assembly''' generally refers to the rods, screws, bolts, and bushings that form an axle capable of securing a wheel to the frame. A '''bearing assembly''' consists of two ball bearings separated by a spacer. When a bearing assembly is installed into a wheel hub with a polyurethane tire, the complete unit is often called a '''wheel assembly'''.<ref name="us-patent-6132006-skate-wheel-axle-assembly">{{Cite patent
|country=US
|number=6132006
|fdate=1998-07-15
|pubdate=2000-10-17
|gdate=2000-10-17
|title=In-line skate wheel axle assembly and frame
|inventor1-first=Peter G.
|inventor1-last=Post
}}</ref><ref name="us-patent-6309108-bearing-spacer-bearing-assembly">{{Cite patent
|country=US
|number=6309108
|fdate=1997-07-11
|pubdate=2001-10-30
|gdate=2001-10-30
|title=Bearing spacer for in-line skate
|inventor1-first=Richard
|inventor1-last=Wershe
}}</ref><ref name="us-patent-app-20190247739-axle-bearing-wheel-assemblies">{{Cite patent
|country=US
|number=20190247739
|status=application
|fdate=2018-02-13
|pubdate=2019-08-15
|title=Single-wall inline skate frame and skate
|inventor1-first=John Erik
|inventor1-last=Svensson
|assign1=K2 Sports LLC
}}</ref>

The term '''frame assembly''' typically refers to all components of a skate excluding the boot and wheel assemblies. In a standard recreational skate, this includes the frame itself, the brake unit, the hardware used to attach the frame to the boot, and the axle assemblies that secure the wheel assemblies to the frame. In aggressive skates, the frame assembly may also include H-blocks and other structural elements designed to support grinding and related maneuvers.<ref name="us-patent-app-20190247739-axle-bearing-wheel-assemblies"/><ref name="us-patent-7931283-aggressive-frame-assembly">{{Cite patent
|country=US
|number=7931283
|fdate=2007-07-23
|pubdate=2009-01-29
|gdate=2011-04-26
|title=Frame assembly for in-line skate
|inventor1-first=Andreas C.
|inventor1-last=Wegener
|assign1=Sunshine Distribution Inc
}}</ref>

=== How bearings work ===

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | total_width = 300
 | image1 = Rollerblade 303 70mm 85A hubless inline skate wheels by Kryptonics ca 1980s-608ZZ TMK bearings-IMG 6757-bg-FRD.png
 | caption1 = From the 1980s
 | image2 = Ball Bearing with Semi Transparent Cover.JPG
 | caption2 = ISO 608 bearing
}}

[[Ball bearing]]s enable inline skate wheels to rotate freely and smoothly. The adoption of modern ISO 608 ball bearings, combined with polyurethane wheels, helped propel inline skating to peak popularity in the 1990s.<ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-inline-bearings"/><ref name="bernstein-minnesota-hockey-inline"/><ref name="vegter-names-in-inline-skating"/>

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | total_width = 400
 | footer = Bearings separate a wheel from the rest of the skate
 | image1 = Brennan J Olson-US4909523A-1990-Inline roller skate-Patent Drawing-FIG 2-bearing assembly and hub-prior art.png
 | image2 = Anatomy of Frame Wheel n Axle Assemblies in Inline Skates with labels n transfixed parts.svg
 | image_gap = 10
}}

Ball bearings separate the skate’s only moving parts, the wheels, from the non-moving structure. Wheels rotate around axles, which are bolted tightly to the frame. The frame is, in turns, firmly attached to the boot. Thus all non-moving parts of the skate remain fixed in place, securely connected using glue, rivets, welds, bolts, or other fastening methods. Bearings minimize friction between the wheel and the axle, allowing skaters to reach higher speeds with less effort.<ref name="powell-svensson-inline-skating"/>{{rp|26–29,39–45}}{{efn-ua|name=xinhaidude-bearing-spacers-preloading|
Consult sections on bearings, spacers, wheel assembly, and bearing preloading from the Big Wheel article.<ref name="xinhaidude-ps-trinity-reign-as-big-wheel-urban-skate"/>
}}

{{multiple image
 | direction = horizontal
 | total_width = 400
 | footer = Bearing balls separate outer race from inner race
 | image1 = Rolling-element bearing (numbered).png
 | image2 = Bearing Preloading in inline skate wheel assembly-with labels.svg
 | image_gap = 10
}}

Bearings are precision-made to endure high-speed rotations. On flat terrain, a skater on 80mm wheels can cruise at a speed of 20 km/h (12.4 mph). At that speed, the wheels, and thus the bearings, rotate at 1,326 revolutions per minute (RPM). To withstand the heat and stress of such speeds, bearings are typically made from durable materials like stainless steel, chrome steel, or ceramic.<ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-abec-hype"/><ref name="us-patent-6309108-bearing-spacer-bearing-assembly"/><ref name="powerslide-download-guides-bearings-by-wicked"/>

A ball bearing consists of two concentric rings: an outer race and an inner race, separated by a set of rolling balls, usually between 5 and 8 in an ISO 608 bearing. The outer race is fixed to the wheel hub and rotates with it, while the inner race is fixed to the axle and remains stationary. Deep grooves are machined into the races to form raceways that securely hold the balls in place. A retainer, or cage, separates the balls and distributes them evenly along the raceways.<ref name="powerslide-download-guides-bearings-by-wicked"/><ref name="powell-svensson-inline-skating"/>{{rp|26–29,39–45}}{{efn-ua|name=xinhaidude-bearing-spacers-preloading}}<ref name="skf-group-rolling-bearings-1152-pages-2018"/>

=== Bearing quality ===

[[File:Inline bearings-ILQ-like Abec 3-TRUE Swiss-Bauer Abec 7 608ZZ-Front n Back-IMG 7406-IMG 7419-FRD.jpg|thumb|right|300px|ILQ-style, Swiss-style, and Sealed ]]

Bearings are commonly rated on the [[ABEC scale]], which measures manufacturing precision tolerances, with ratings ranging from 1 (lowest) to 9 (highest) in odd numbers. Originally developed for high-speed industrial machinery, the ABEC scale does not consider material type, material quality, or durability - factors that significantly impact bearing performance in skates. It also ignores how bearing enclosures respond to dirt, moisture, and other real-world skating conditions. While higher ABEC ratings may indicate better precision, they represent only one of many factors that determine a bearing’s suitability for inline skating.<ref name="powell-svensson-inline-skating"/>{{rp|27–28}}<ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-abec-hype"/><ref name="powerslide-download-guides-bearings-by-wicked"/><ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-inline-bearings"/>

ABEC precision ratings do not directly indicate how fast a bearing can safely spin. The actual maximum speed, called the mechanical limiting speed, depends on other factors such as materials, lubrication, load, and operating temperature. Manufacturers typically publish datasheets specifying the limiting speed for each tolerance class. For example, [[SKF]], a Swedish bearing manufacturer, lists a limiting speed of 38,000 RPM for its ABEC 3-rated 608 bearings. That is more than sufficient for inline skating, considering that an average skater cruising on 80mm wheels reaches only about 1,326 RPM, or 3.5% of the limiting speed.{{efn-ua|name=skf-608-bearing-abec-3-limiting-speed|
SKF’s 1,152-page rolling bearings catalog lists a limiting speed of 38,000 RPM for its Explorer-class 608-2Z bearings (pages 135 and 262). These bearings meet ISO 492 Class 6 precision tolerances, which are equivalent to ABEC 3, as noted on pages 7, 36, 248, and 250.<ref name="skf-group-rolling-bearings-1152-pages-2018"/>
}}<ref name="get-rolling-blog-engineer-perspective-on-skating"/>

[[File:Inline bearings-TRUE Swiss-Bones REDS-alike-All components disassembled-IMG 7510-FRD.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bones Swiss can be disassembled]]

Recognizing the unique demands that skating places on bearings, George Powell of [[Powell Peralta]] collaborated with a Swiss bearing manufacturer in the early 1980s to develop 608 bearings specifically tailored for skateboarding. Unlike conventional 608 bearings designed for electric motors operating in clean environments, these purpose-built bearings were engineered to better withstand multi-directional loads from street skating. The outer-facing side featured a serviceable shield that could be easily pried open with a pin for cleaning, while the inner side was left open, as it sat protected within the wheel hub. Understanding that even high-precision bearings degrade when clogged with dirt, Powell replaced standard metal retainers with molded plastic ones, allowing skaters to easily remove these retainers and clean the balls and raceways. He also formulated a custom lubricant optimized for skating conditions. The result was the launch of '''Bones Swiss''' in 1983, a product that remains a gold standard for both skateboarders and inline skaters to this day.<ref name="bones-bearings-history-by-george-powell"/><ref name="bones-bearings-maintaining-your-bones-bearings"/><ref name="usenet-chen-FAQ-inline-bearings"/><ref name="inmoveskates-roller-skate-bearings"/>

[[File:Inline bearings-TRUE Swiss-Bones REDS-alike-Disassembled-Exploded view-IMG 7518-7520-7526-7528-7533-bg-FRD.png|thumb|right|300px|Structure of a Swiss-style bearing]]

Reputable skate bearing manufacturers generally avoid using ABEC ratings, as they do not reflect the engineering tailored specifically for skating. Instead, bearings are marketed under specialized product lines. For example, Bones Bearings offers models such as Bones Swiss, Bones Swiss Ceramic, Bones REDS®, and Bones Big Balls®. All of these are labeled '''Skate Rated'''™, indicating that every component is designed and tested with the demands of real skating in mind. Powell’s “Swiss” design and engineering has become an unofficial standard in the skating industry, with copycat brands offering bearings labeled '''Swiss''' that mimic the same structure and claimed quality, despite not being manufactured in Switzerland.<ref name="publow-speed-skating-1999"/>{{rp|317–318}}<ref name="naomi-grigg-2014"/>{{rp|22–24}}<ref name="bones-bearings-skate-rated-system"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.devaskation.com/what-are-swiss-bearings/
|title=What are Swiss Bearings?
|website=Devaskation
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418171329/https://www.devaskation.com/what-are-swiss-bearings/
|archive-date=2025-04-18
|access-date=2025-05-17
}}</ref>

[[File:Inline bearings-Max ILQ-like Abec 3-Disassembled-IMG 7556-FRD.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bearing styled after TWINCAM ILQ-7]]

Similarly, TWINCAM bearings were developed in the early 1990s specifically for inline skating and were promoted with the slogan “Beyond ABEC”. In 1991, the company launched serviceable bearings featuring removable shields held in place with a C-clip, allowing for easier maintenance. The following year, it introduced TK CLASSIC Racing Gel, a water-repellent lubricant formulated for inline skating. In 2002, '''TWINCAM''' debuted the '''ILQ-9''', a 6-ball bearing - an alternative to the standard 7-ball 608 bearings widely used at the time. The company later expanded the line with models such as ILQ-9 Pro with rubber shields, ILQ-7 with 7 balls (commonly found in OEM skates), ILQ-X mr2 with a 29% weight reduction, and ILQ-Midget with 11 balls. TWINCAM trademarked '''ILQ''' (InLine Qualified) as a proprietary quality rating system, positioning it as a specialized alternative to the ABEC scale. Various ILQ models are rebranded and distributed by major inline skate companies, including FR Skates, K2, Rollerblade, and Powerslide/Wicked.<ref name="twincam-ilq-asia-access-history">{{cite web
|url=http://www.twincambearing.com/
|title=TWINCAM home page
|website=TWINCAM Bearing
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305191532/http://www.twincambearing.com/
|archive-date=2013-03-05
|access-date=2025-05-16
}}</ref><ref name="loco-skates-on-twincam-ilq-bearings">{{cite web
|url=https://www.locoskates.com/blogs/help-articles/what-does-twincam-and-ilq-bearings-mean
|title=What are Twincam and ILQ Bearings?
|date=2025-02-13
|website=Loco Skates
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512020518/https://www.locoskates.com/blogs/help-articles/what-does-twincam-and-ilq-bearings-mean
|archive-date=2025-05-12
|access-date=2025-05-16
}}</ref><ref name="skatepro-all-aspects-of-speed-skates"/>