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== Outside mainland China == {{further|Islam in Taiwan|Dungans|Chin Haw|Panthay|China–Egypt relations|China–Saudi Arabia relations|Sino-Arab relations|Ma Bufang|Ma Jiyuan}} In Southeast Asia, presence of Hui Muslims may date back 700 years to the time of [[Zheng He]], who was a Hui.<ref name="malaysia"> {{cite web |url=http://www.islam.org.hk/eng/malaysia/ChineseMuslim_in_Malaysia.asp |title=Chinese Muslims in Malaysia History and Development |author=Rosey Wang Ma |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215543/http://www.islam.org.hk/eng/malaysia/ChineseMuslim_in_Malaysia.asp |url-status=live }} </ref> Hui people also joined the wave of Chinese migrants that peaked between 1875 and 1912. They inhabited [[Penang]], [[Sabah]], [[Singapore]] and [[Pangkor]] prior to World War II. Most were [[Min Nan|Hokkien]]-speaking coolies and merchants from [[Fujian]]. The colonial British welfare system was commissioned according to language groups, so the Hui were classed as [[Hokkien]]. A small number of Hui may have become assimilated into mainstream Chinese society and local Muslim populations.<ref name="malaysia"/> In 1975, five Hui leaders started a campaign to get every clansman to put up a notice listing their ancestors for 40 generations, as a way of reminding them of their origins. The exact Hui population is unclear today as many families left Islam before independence. In 2000 official census figures gave the number of Muslim Chinese in Malaysia as 57,000 but most were Han converts. According to the Malaysian Chinese Muslim Association, the surnames Koay, Ma, Ha, Ta, Sha, Woon, and An (or Ang) may indicate Hui ancestry.<ref>{{cite news|title=Baiqi to Koay Jetty|first=Himanshu |last=Bhatt|newspaper=New Straits Times|pages=1–3|date=6 March 2005}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]] was settled by hundreds of Hui Muslim soldiers under [[Ma Chengxiang]] after 1949.<ref name="EmberEmber2004">{{cite book|first1=Melvin|last1=Ember|first2=Carol R.|last2=Ember|first3=Ian|last3=Skoggard|title=Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA115|date=30 November 2004|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-306-48321-9|access-date=16 September 2016|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803103736/https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref> The Hui General [[Ma Bufang]] settled permanently in [[Mecca]] in 1961.<ref>{{cite book|title=Intelligence Digest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvhXAAAAIAAJ&q=Ma-Hung-kwei|year=1948|publisher=Intelligence International Limited|page=lxxvi|access-date=3 October 2016|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151225/https://books.google.com/books?id=EvhXAAAAIAAJ&q=Ma-Hung-kwei&dq=Ma-Hung-kwei|url-status=live}}</ref> For a while Cairo was the dwelling place of [[Ma Bukang]] and Ma Bufang in between the time they were in Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Harris1993">{{cite book|author=Lillian Craig Harris|title=China Considers the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fmptAAAAMAAJ|date=15 December 1993|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-85043-598-3|page=66|access-date=16 September 2016|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324234924/https://books.google.com/books?id=fmptAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mi Kungmubu Han'guk Kungnae Sanghwang Kwallyŏn Munsŏ|year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFYAAAAMAAJ&q=ma+pu-fang+egypt|publisher={{lang|ko|國防部軍事編纂硏究所}}|page=168|access-date=3 October 2016|archive-date=30 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630065236/http://books.google.com/books?id=mgFYAAAAMAAJ&q=ma+pu-fang+egypt&dq=ma+pu-fang+egypt|url-status=live}}</ref> The death of [[Ma Jiyuan]] in [[Jeddah]] on 27 February 2012 was greeted with sorrow by the Chinese consulate. The [[Panthays]] in [[Myanmar]] and some of the [[Chin Haw]] in [[Thailand]] are Hui Muslims, while Hui in Central Asia and Russia are called [[Dungans]].<ref name="EmberEmber2004"/>
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