Editing Chinese Americans (section)

== Culture ==

=== Social status and assimilation ===
[[File:Brooklyn Chinatown.png|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Chinese Americans in New York City|New York City]] is home to the [[Chinese people in New York City|largest Chinese American population]] of any city proper, over 600,000 as of 2017.<ref name="NYCChineseA" /> Although most [[Chinatown]]s in North America are shrinking due to [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]] of Chinese Americans into the [[suburb]]s, New York City is the exception. Multiple large Chinatowns in [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Manhattan]], [[Chinatowns in Brooklyn|Brooklyn]] (above), and [[Chinatowns in Queens|Queens]] are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, as large-scale [[Chinese emigration|Chinese immigration]] continues into New York,<ref>{{cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013214828/https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents |archive-date=13 October 2016 |access-date=19 June 2014 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403073333/http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-legal-permanent-residents |archive-date=3 April 2013 |access-date=5 May 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm |archive-date=8 August 2012 |access-date=5 May 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm |archive-date=12 July 2012 |access-date=5 May 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref name="Marzulli">{{cite news |last=Marzulli |first=John |date=9 May 2011 |title=Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2 |url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-05-09/news/29541916_1_illegal-chinese-immigrants-qm2-queen-mary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034445/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=6 April 2012 |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> with the [[Overseas Chinese#Current numbers|largest metropolitan Chinese population]] outside Asia,<ref>{{cite news |last=Yee |first=Vivian |date=22 February 2015 |title=Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224022642/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2012 |title=Chinese New Year 2012 in Flushing |url=http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526023036/http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302 |archive-date=26 May 2013 |access-date=23 February 2015 |publisher=QueensBuzz.com}}</ref> comprising an estimated 893,697 uniracial individuals as of 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA Chinese alone |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_1YR/S0201/330M400US408/popgroup~016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002005/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_1YR/S0201/330M400US408/popgroup~016 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=27 January 2019 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>]]

Some noteworthy historical Chinese contributions to America include building the western half of the [[First Transcontinental Railroad|Transcontinental Railroad]], the levees in the [[Sacramento River Delta]], [[American Chinese cuisine|Chinese American food]], deep oil extraction in Texas, and the introduction of Chinese and [[East Asia|East Asian culture]] to America, such as [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhism]], [[Taoism]], and [[Kung fu]].

Chinese immigrants to the United States brought many of their ideas, values, and [[Chinese culture|culture]] with them. Some of these have continued to influence later generations, such as the [[Confucianism|Confucian]] [[filial piety|respect for elders]].<ref name="Liu">Haiming Liu (2005) "Asian-American Ideas (Cultural Migration)" ''In'' Horowitz, Maryanne Cline (editor) (2005) ''New Dictionary of the History of Ideas'' Charles Scribner's Sons, Detroit, Michigan, volume 1, pp. 158–160, {{ISBN|0-684-31377-4}}</ref> Similarly, education and the civil service were the most important path for upward social mobility in China.<ref name="Liu" /><ref>Semple, Kirk (21 August 2008) [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E4DA113AF932A1575BC0A96E9C8B63 "Among Chinese-Americans, a Split on Sports"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201105356/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E4DA113AF932A1575BC0A96E9C8B63|date=1 December 2016}} ''The New York Times'' page B-2</ref> The first [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] show about Asian Americans was ''[[Flower Drum Song]]'' which premiered on Broadway in 1958;<ref>Berson, Misha. [http://www.tcg.org/publications/at/2002/drum.cfm "A 'Drum' with a Difference"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000643/http://www.tcg.org/publications/at/2002/drum.cfm|date=28 September 2007}}. ''American Theatre'' magazine, [[Theatre Communications Group]], 2002. Retrieved 9 November 2010.</ref> the hit [[Chinglish (play)|''Chinglish'']] premiered on Broadway in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hwang, directed by Leigh Silverman |first=David Henry |title=Chinglish |url=http://chinglishbroadway.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008004922/http://chinglishbroadway.com/ |archive-date=8 October 2011 |access-date=5 May 2013 |publisher=Broadway's Best Shows, Longacre Theatre}}</ref>

In most American cities with significant Chinese populations, the [[Chinese New Year|Spring Festival]] (Chinese New Year) is celebrated with cultural festivals and other celebrations. In [[Seattle]], the [[Festál#China: Chinese Culture and Arts Festival|Chinese Culture and Arts Festival]] is held every year. Other important festivals include the [[Dragon Boat Festival]] and the [[Mid-Autumn Festival]].

==== Cultural Preservation and Resistance ====
Early Chinese immigrants in America developed various strategies to preserve their cultural heritage while adapting to their new environment. Despite facing significant pressure to assimilate into mainstream American society, many maintained traditional practices through community organizations, cultural festivals, and language schools. Lowe, Paula Madison, and Paula Williams Madison. ''Finding Samuel Lowe: China, Jamaica, Harlem''. Amistad, 2015.

=== Cultural centers ===
{{Wide image|Chinatown 1.jpg|600px|3=<div align=center>The busy intersection of [[Main Street (Queens)|Main Street]] and [[Roosevelt Avenue]] in the [[Chinatowns in Queens#Flushing Chinatown|Flushing Chinatown (法拉盛華埠)]], [[Chinatowns in Queens#Downtown Flushing|Downtown Flushing]], [[Queens]], [[Chinese people in New York City|New York City]]. The segment of Main Street between [[Kissena Boulevard]] and Roosevelt Avenue, punctuated by the [[Long Island Rail Road]] [[Trestle bridge|trestle]] overpass, represents the cultural heart of Flushing Chinatown. Housing over 30,000 individuals born in China alone, the largest by this metric outside Asia, [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] has become home to the largest and one of the fastest-growing Chinatowns in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/i-ate-my-way-through-flushing-queens-and-now-i-get-why-its-the-bigger-and-better-chinatown-2015-5|title=This is what it's like in one of the biggest and fastest growing Chinatowns in the world|first=Melia |last=Robinson|website=Business Insider|date=May 27, 2015|access-date=March 3, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730033121/http://www.businessinsider.com/i-ate-my-way-through-flushing-queens-and-now-i-get-why-its-the-bigger-and-better-chinatown-2015-5|archive-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref> Flushing is undergoing rapid [[gentrification]] by Chinese transnational entities,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/13/flushing-queens-gentrification-luxury-developments|title='Not what it used to be': in New York, Flushing's Asian residents brace against gentrification|first=Sarah |last=Ngu|newspaper=[[The Guardian US]]|date=January 29, 2021|access-date=August 13, 2020|quote=The three developers have stressed in public hearings that they are not outsiders to Flushing, which is 69% Asian. 'They've been here, they live here, they work here, they've invested here,' said Ross Moskowitz, an attorney for the developers at a different public hearing in February...Tangram Tower, a luxury mixed-use development built by F&T. Last year, prices for two-bedroom apartments started at $1.15m...The influx of transnational capital and rise of luxury developments in Flushing has displaced longtime immigrant residents and small business owners, as well as disrupted its cultural and culinary landscape. These changes follow the familiar script of gentrification, but with a change of actors: it is Chinese-American developers and wealthy Chinese immigrants who are gentrifying this working-class neighborhood, which is majority Chinese.}}</ref> and the growth of the business activity at the core of [[Chinatowns in Queens#Downtown Flushing|Downtown Flushing]], dominated by the Flushing Chinatown, has continued despite the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=FlushingChinatownContinuesGrowth>{{cite web|url=https://www.curbed.com/2022/12/new-new-york-report-review-hochul-adams-doctoroff.html|title=Can the Hochul-Adams New New York Actually Happen?|first=Justin |last=Davidson|publisher=Curbed - New York magazine|date=December 15, 2022|access-date=December 18, 2022}}</ref> As of 2023, [[Chinese emigration|illegal Chinese immigration]] to the Flushing Chinatown has accelerated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/us/politics/china-migrants-us-border.html|title=Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border|author=Eileen Sullivan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 24, 2023|access-date=November 24, 2023|quote=Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city's resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan..."New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community," said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood.}}</ref>
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=== Cuisine ===
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[[Chinese American cuisine]] originated with this ethnic group. Many immigrants in the mid-20th century used Chinese restaurants as a way of having employment. By 2019, many such establishments were closing because the price point commanded by the public was not sufficiently profitable, and younger generations gained more lucrative careers and were not interested in inheriting the restaurants.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nierenberg |first1=Amelia |last2=Bui |first2=Quoctrung |date=2019-12-24 |title=Chinese Restaurants Are Closing. That's a Good Thing, the Owners Say. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/24/upshot/chinese-restaurants-closing-upward-mobility-second-generation.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

By 2016 there was a trend of Chinese immigrants, especially of [[Fujianese Americans|Fujian ancestry]], opening Japanese-style restaurants. This is due to over-competition in the Chinese-style cuisine sector and because the American public generally pays more money for Japanese-style cuisine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=2016-09-29 |title=Why so many of America's sushi restaurants are owned by Chinese immigrants |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/09/29/the-fascinating-story-behind-who-opens-sushi-restaurants-and-why/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref> In 2016, Chinese Americans owned the majority of Japanese-style restaurants in [[Rochester, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Chao |first=Mary |date=2016-11-25 |title=Chinese thriving in Japanese restaurant business |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2016/11/25/chinese-thriving-japanese-restaurant-business/94170270/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |newspaper=[[Democrat & Chronicle]]}}</ref>

=== Sports ===
[[File:William "Buck" Tin Lai; aka Lai Tin on 1914 Chinese team (baseball) LCCN2014698160.jpg|thumb|Buck Lai, Chinese-Hawaiian baseball player in 1914]]
[[Basketball]] became a significant sport among Chinese Americans in the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franks |first=Joel S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M_YWDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA31 |title=Asian American Basketball: A Century of Sport, Community and Culture |date=2016-05-06 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-9718-8 |language=en}}</ref>