Editing Asthma (section)

== History ==
{{missing information|scientific evaluation of treatments and causal explanations|date=February 2025}}
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 320
| image1            = Papyrus Ebers.png
| caption1          = ''[[Ebers Papyrus]]'' detailing treatment of asthma
| image2            = Grimaults cigarette ad.jpg
| caption2          = 1907 advertisement for Grimault's Indian Cigarettes, promoted as a means of relieving asthma. They contained [[Atropa belladonna|belladonna]] and [[cannabis]].
}}
[[File:C14 Chinese medication chart; Asthma etc. Wellcome L0039608.jpg|thumb|The Gold-dust Book of Cold Damage dated '1st year of the Zhengyuan reign period of the Yuan dynasty' (1341) Wellcome.]]

Asthma was recognized in [[ancient Egypt]] and was treated by drinking an [[incense]] mixture known as [[kyphi]].<ref name="Manniche1999" /> It was officially named as a specific respiratory problem by [[Hippocrates]] circa 450 BC, with the Greek word for "panting" forming the basis of our modern name.<ref name="M38" /> In 200 BC it was believed to be at least partly related to the emotions.<ref name="Andrew2010" /> In the 12th century the Jewish physician-philosopher [[Maimonides]] wrote a treatise on asthma in Arabic, based partly on Arabic sources, in which he discussed the symptoms, proposed various dietary and other means of treatment, and emphasized the importance of climate and clean air.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.aecom.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/EJBM/19Rosner125.pdf | vauthors = Rosner F |author-link=Fred Rosner |title=The Life of Moses Maimonides, a Prominent Medieval Physician |journal=Einstein Quart J Biol Med |year=2002 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=125–28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305065423/http://www.aecom.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/EJBM/19Rosner125.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2009 }}</ref> [[Traditional Chinese medicine]] also offered medication for asthma, as indicated by a surviving 14th-century manuscript curated by the Wellcome Foundation.<ref>C14 Chinese medication chart; Asthma etc. Wellcome L0039608</ref>

In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the [[pathophysiology]] of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with [[A.B.C. Liniment|chloroform liniment]].<ref name="pmid20747287">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thorowgood JC | title = On Bronchial Asthma | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 673 | pages = 600 | date = November 1873 | pmid = 20747287 | pmc = 2294647 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.2.673.600 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20746575">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gaskoin G | title = On the Treatment of Asthma | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 1 | issue = 587 | pages = 339 | date = March 1872 | pmid = 20746575 | pmc = 2297349 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.1.587.339 }}</ref> [[Pharmaceutical drug|Medical treatment]] in 1880 included the use of [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] doses of a drug called [[pilocarpine]].<ref name="pmid20749537">{{cite journal | vauthors = Berkart JB | title = The Treatment of Asthma | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 1 | issue = 1016 | pages = 917–8 | date = June 1880 | pmid = 20749537 | pmc = 2240555 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.1.1016.917 }}<br />{{cite journal | vauthors = Berkart JB | title = The Treatment of Asthma | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 1 | issue = 1017 | pages = 960–2 | date = June 1880 | pmid = 20749546 | pmc = 2240530 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.1.1017.960 }}</ref>

In 1886, F. H. Bosworth theorized a connection between asthma and [[hay fever]].<ref name="pmid21407325">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bosworth FH | title = Hay Fever, Asthma, and Allied Affections | journal = Transactions of the Annual Meeting of the American Climatological Association | volume = 2 | pages = 151–70 |year=1886 | pmid = 21407325 | pmc = 2526599 }}</ref>

At the beginning of the 20th century, the focus was the avoidance of allergens as well as the use of selective beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists as treatment strategies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Mark Jeremy |year=2017 |title=Guiding Inspiratory Flow: Development of the In-Check DIAL G16, a Tool for Improving Inhaler Technique |journal=Pulmonary Medicine |volume=2017 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1155/2017/1495867 |doi-access=free |pmid=29348936 |pmc=5733915 |issn=2090-1836}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kapri |first1=Anandi |last2=Pant |first2=Swati |last3=Gupta |first3=Nitin |last4=Paliwal |first4=Sarvesh |last5=Nain |first5=Sumitra |date=November 11, 2022 |title=Asthma History, Current Situation, an Overview of Its Control History, Challenges, and Ongoing Management Programs: An Updated Review |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=539–551 |doi=10.1007/s40011-022-01428-1 |issn=0369-8211 |pmc=9651109 |pmid=36406816 }}</ref>

[[Epinephrine (medication)|Epinephrine]] was first referred to in the treatment of asthma in 1905.<ref name="pmid18733372">{{cite journal | vauthors = Doig RL | title = Epinephrin; Especially in Asthma | journal = California State Journal of Medicine | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 54–5 | date = February 1905 | pmid = 18733372 | pmc = 1650334 }}</ref> Oral corticosteroids began to be used for the condition in 1950. The use of a pressurized metered-dose inhaler was developed in the mid-1950s for the administration of adrenaline and [[isoproterenol]] and was later used as a beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist.

Inhaled corticosteroids and selective short-acting beta agonists came into wide use in the 1960s.<ref name="pmid22375974">{{cite journal | vauthors = von Mutius E, Drazen JM | s2cid = 5143546 | title = A patient with asthma seeks medical advice in 1828, 1928, and 2012 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 366 | issue = 9 | pages = 827–34 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22375974 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1102783 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid17092772">{{cite journal | vauthors = Crompton G | title = A brief history of inhaled asthma therapy over the last fifty years | journal = Primary Care Respiratory Journal | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 326–331 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17092772 | pmc = 6730840 | doi = 10.1016/j.pcrj.2006.09.002 }}</ref>

A well-documented case in the 19th century was that of [[Theodore Roosevelt#Early life|young Theodore Roosevelt]] (1858–1919). At that time there was no effective treatment. Roosevelt's youth was in large part shaped by his poor health, partly related to his asthma. He experienced recurring nighttime asthma attacks that felt as if he was being smothered to death, terrifying the boy and his parents.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = McCullough D |title=Mornings on Horseback: The Story of an Extraordinary Family, a Vanished Way of Life and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuzmvrqPvdIC&pg=PA93 |date=1981 |publisher=Simon and Schuster|pages=93–108|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407004947/http://books.google.com/books?id=nuzmvrqPvdIC&pg=PA93|archive-date=April 7, 2015|isbn=978-0-7432-1830-6}}</ref>

During the 1930s to 1950s, asthma was known as one of the "holy seven" [[psychosomatic illness]]es. Its cause was considered to be psychological, with treatment often based on psychoanalysis and other [[talking cure]]s.<ref name="pmid16185365" /> As these psychoanalysts interpreted the asthmatic wheeze as the suppressed cry of the child for its mother, they considered the treatment of depression to be especially important for individuals with asthma.<ref name="pmid16185365">{{cite journal | vauthors = Opolski M, Wilson I | title = Asthma and depression: a pragmatic review of the literature and recommendations for future research | journal = Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health | volume = 1 | pages = 18 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16185365 | pmc = 1253523 | doi = 10.1186/1745-0179-1-18 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Between 1970 and 1985, the following countries saw a general rise in reported asthma mortality in people aged 5 to 34: Singapore, Australia, Japan, England/Wales, West Germany, Israel, United States, Netherlands, Canada, and France. Additionally, New Zealand experienced a major epidemic of asthma in this period, which may have been due to inadequate maintenance therapy and long-term management of the disease amongst those affected, as well as delays in receiving care in emergencies.<ref name="pmid3180894">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jackson R, Sears MR, Beaglehole R, Rea HH |title=International trends in asthma mortality: 1970 to 1985 |journal=Chest |volume=94 |issue=5 |pages=914–8 |date=November 1988 |pmid=3180894 |doi=10.1378/chest.94.5.914 |url=}}</ref>

In January 2021, an appeal court in [[France]] overturned a deportation order against a 40-year-old Bangladeshi man, who was a patient with asthma. His lawyers had argued that the dangerous levels of [[pollution]] in [[Bangladesh]] could possibly lead to worsening of his health condition, or even premature death.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/12/bangladeshi-man-with-asthma-wins-france-deportation-fight |title=Bangladeshi man with asthma wins France deportation fight |access-date=January 12, 2021 |website=The Guardian |date=January 12, 2021 }}</ref>

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