Editing Asian Americans (section)

===Racial stereotypes===
{{Main|Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States|Stereotypes of South Asians}}
{{See also|Ching chong|Perpetual foreigner|Asian fetish}}

Until the late 20th century, the term "Asian American" was mostly adopted by activists, while the average person who was of Asian ancestry identified with his or her specific ethnicity.<ref name="yip">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianweek.com/061397/feature.html |first=Alethea |last=Yip |publisher=Asian Week |title=Remembering Vincent Chin |access-date=March 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318184237/http://www.asianweek.com/061397/feature.html |archive-date=March 18, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> The [[murder of Vincent Chin]] in 1982 was a pivotal civil rights case, and it marked the emergence of Asian Americans as a distinct group in United States.<ref name=yip/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/ACAPAA_policy_recommendation_159211_7.pdf |author=ACAPAA |publisher=State of Michigan |title=Pilicy Recommendation Document. |access-date=March 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308150132/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/ACAPAA_policy_recommendation_159211_7.pdf |archive-date=March 8, 2007 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref>

Stereotypes of Asians have largely been collectively internalized by society and most of the repercussions of these stereotypes are negative for Asian Americans and Asian immigrants in daily interactions, [[current events]], and governmental [[legislation]]. In many instances, media portrayals of East Asians often reflect a dominant [[Americentric]] perception rather than realistic and authentic depictions of true cultures, customs and behaviors.<ref name="vanishing">{{Citation |last=Kashiwabara |first=Amy |url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Amydoc.html |title=Vanishing Son: The Appearance, Disappearance, and Assimilation of the Asian-American Man in American Mainstream Media |publisher=UC Berkeley Media Resources Center |access-date=December 28, 2012 |archive-date=September 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922132828/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Amydoc.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Asians have experienced [[discrimination]] and have been victims of [[hate crime]]s related to their ethnic stereotypes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pearl Harbor and Asian-Americans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/26/opinion/pearl-harbor-and-asian-americans.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 26, 1991 |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511013313/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/26/opinion/pearl-harbor-and-asian-americans.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

A study has indicated that most non-Asian Americans generally do not differentiate between Asian Americans who are of different ethnicities.<ref>{{cite book |title=Asian American panethnicity: bridging institutions and identities |last=Espiritu |first=Yen le |year=1993 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=9781566390965 |page=139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2BqIYxOghsC |access-date=March 18, 2011 |archive-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326122540/https://books.google.com/books?id=q2BqIYxOghsC |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stereotype]]s of Chinese Americans and Asian Americans are nearly identical.<ref name="c100">{{cite web |url=http://www.committee100.org/media/media_eng/042501.html |author=Committee of 100 |title=Committee of 100 Announces Results of Landmark National Survey on American Attitudes towards Chinese Americans and Asian Americans |date=April 25, 2001 |access-date=June 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929153746/http://www.committee100.org/media/media_eng/042501.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> A 2002 survey of Americans' attitudes toward Asian Americans and Chinese Americans indicated that 24% of the respondents disapprove of [[Interracial marriage|intermarriage]] with an Asian American, second only to African Americans; 23% would be uncomfortable supporting an Asian American presidential candidate, compared to 15% for an African American, 14% for a woman and 11% for a Jew; 17% would be upset if a substantial number of Asian Americans moved into their neighborhood; 25% had somewhat or very negative attitude toward Chinese Americans in general.<ref name="sfgate">{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2001/04/27/MN199998.DTL |first=Matthew |last=Yi |title=Asian Americans seen negatively |access-date=June 14, 2007 |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |date=April 27, 2001 |display-authors=etal |archive-date=September 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914111528/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2001%2F04%2F27%2FMN199998.DTL |url-status=live }}</ref> The study did find several positive perceptions of Chinese Americans: strong family values (91%); honesty as business people (77%); high value on education (67%).<ref name=c100/>

There is a widespread perception that Asian Americans are not "American" but are instead "[[perpetual foreigner]]s".<ref name=sfgate/><ref name="wu">{{cite web|url=http://www.modelminority.com/article676.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928140811/http://www.modelminority.com/article676.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |author=Frank H. Wu |title=Asian Americans and the Perpetual Foreigner Syndrome |access-date=June 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The politics of Asian Americans: diversity and community |last=Lien |first=Pei-te |author2=Mary Margaret Conway |author3=Janelle Wong |year=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9780415934657 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o7ucGq1RZ-EC&q=%22asian%20americans%22%20perpetual%20foreigners&pg=PA7 |access-date=February 9, 2012 |quote=In addition, because of their perceived racial difference, rapid and continuous immigration from Asia, and on going detente with communist regimes in Asia, Asian Americans are construed as "perpetual foreigners" who cannot or will not adapt to the language, customs, religions, and politics of the American mainstream. |archive-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326122542/https://books.google.com/books?id=o7ucGq1RZ-EC&q=%22asian+americans%22+perpetual+foreigners&pg=PA7 |url-status=live }}</ref> Asian Americans often report being asked the question, "Where are you really from?" by other Americans, regardless of how long they or their ancestors have lived in United States and been a part of its society.<ref>{{cite book |title=Yellow: race in America beyond black and white |last=Wu |first=Frank H. |author-link=Frank H. Wu |year=2003 |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |isbn=9780465006403 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkPvf5Cs-DgC&q=%22asian%20americans%22%20perpetual%20foreigners&pg=PA79 |access-date=February 9, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Many Asian Americans are themselves not immigrants but rather born in the United States. Many East Asian Americans are asked if they are Chinese or Japanese, an assumption based on major groups of past immigrants.<ref name=wu/><ref name="unlv">{{cite web|url=http://magazine.unlv.edu/Issues/Spring07/16image.html |author=K. Bergquist |title=Image Conscious |access-date=June 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709081932/http://magazine.unlv.edu/Issues/Spring07/16image.html |archive-date=July 9, 2007 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref>

Discrimination against Asians and Asian Americans increased with the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States]], according to a study done at [[Washington State University]] (WSU) and published in ''Stigma and Health''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Discrimination increases against Asian and Asian American population, affecting health |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201102155412.htm |access-date=March 6, 2021 |work=ScienceDaily |date=November 2, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127192836/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201102155412.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] reported a 1,900% increase in hate crimes motivated by anti-Asian sentiment in 2020, largely due to the virus origins in Wuhan, China.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why More Policing Isn't the Answer to a Rise in Anti-Asian Hate Crimes |url=https://time.com/5938482/asian-american-attacks/ |access-date=March 6, 2021 |magazine=Time |date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305190633/https://time.com/5938482/asian-american-attacks/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vaughan |first1=Ashley |title=Attacks against Asian Americans are on the rise. Here's what you can do |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/05/us/how-to-support-the-aapi-community-iyw-trnd/index.html |access-date=March 6, 2021 |work=CNN |date=March 5, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305221907/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/05/us/how-to-support-the-aapi-community-iyw-trnd/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a poll done in 2022, 33 percent of Americans believe Asian Americans are "more loyal to their country of origin" than the US while 21 percent falsely believe Asian Americans are at least "partially responsible" for the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=King |first=Shawna Chen,Hope |date=2022-05-04 |title=Poll: Distrust of Asian Americans is rising |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/05/04/asian-americans-covid-hate-survey |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Axios |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, only 29 percent of Asian Americans believe they "completely agree" with the statement that they feel they belong and are accepted in the US, while 71 percent say they are discriminated in the US.<ref name=":3" />