Editing Zaragoza (section)

=== Middle Ages ===
[[File:Mapa Saraqusta.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Map of Zaragoza (''Saraqusta'') during the Muslim rule, superimposed on the current city (light grey)]]

Despite the general decline of the last centuries of the Roman empire, Zaragoza suffered little. Capture by the [[Goths]] in the fifth century AD was without significant bloodshed or destruction.<ref name=":0" />

In the eighth century, following the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula]], Zaragoza became the capital of the [[Upper March]] of [[al-Andalus]].{{Sfn|Corral Lafuente|2008|p=199}}

In 1018, amid the collapse of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]], Zaragoza became an independent [[Taifa of Zaragoza]], initially controlled by the [[Banu Tujib|Tujibid]] family,<ref name=atlas /> then ruled by the [[Banu Hud]] from 1039.<ref name=atlas>{{Cite web|url=https://ifc.dpz.es/webs/atlash/indice_epocas/islamica/27.htm|work=Atlas de historia de Aragón|publisher=Institución Fernando el Católico|title=Los reinos de Taifas en la Marca Superior (Zaragoza-Albarracín)}}</ref> The taifa greatly prospered in a cultural and political sense in the late 11th century, and being later governed by [[Ahmad al-Muqtadir]], [[Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud]] and [[Al-Musta'in II]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Espada Torres|first=Diana María|year=2019|title=Historia, memoria y ciudad. La recuperación de la imagen de Alfonso I, El Batallador.|journal=La Tadeo Dearte|volume=5|issue=5|page=80|doi=10.21789/24223158.1530|url=https://revistas.utadeo.edu.co/index.php/ltd/article/view/1530/1503|publisher=[[Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano]]|location=Bogotá|doi-access=free}}</ref> It fell to the [[Almoravid]]s in 1110.<ref name=atlas />

On 18 December 1118, [[Alfonso I of Aragon]] conquered the city from the Almoravids,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Rogers|editor1-first=Clifford J.|editor1-link=Clifford J. Rogers|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology|volume=1|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-533403-6|page=466|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=zaragoza+1118|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319110931/https://books.google.nl/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&dq=zaragoza+1118&hl=nl|archive-date=2017-03-19}}</ref> and made it the capital of the [[Kingdom of Aragon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Aragon-region-Spain#ref169835|title=Aragon {{!}} region, Spain|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-08-25|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825200013/https://www.britannica.com/place/Aragon-region-Spain#ref169835|archive-date=2017-08-25}}</ref> The aforementioned monarch created a jurisdictional dominion in the city, which was gifted to [[Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn|Gaston of Béarn]].{{Sfn|Falcón|2014|p=209}} The city remained a [[lordship]] up until the early 13th century.<ref>{{Cite book <!--DUPLICATE |url=http://www.rmoa.unina.it/5139/1/Ascheri_3-Falc%C3%B3n.pdf--> |chapter=Las primeras ordenanzas otorgadas a la Ciudad de Zaragoza|first=Isabel|last=Falcón|title=Honos alit artes. Studi per il settantesimo compleanno di Mario Ascheri. Il cammino delle idee dal medioevo all'età moderna|editor-first=Paola|editor-last=Maffei|editor-first2=Gian Maria|editor-last2=Varanini|location=Florence|publisher=[[Firenze University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-88-6655-632-9|url=http://www.rm.unina.it/rmebook/dwnld/Ascheri_3.pdf|page=209}}</ref>

There was a [[Jews|Jewish]] community in medieval Zaragoza, a notable center where [[Yeshiva|''yeshivas'']] also incorporated the study of philosophy alongside [[Torah study|Talmud studies]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marciano |first=Yoel |title=Sages of Spain in the Eye of the Storm: Jewish Scholars of Late Medieval Spain |publisher=Bialik |year=2019 |isbn=978-965-536-266-4 |location=Jerusalem |pages=231 |language=he}}</ref>