Editing Youngstown, Ohio (section)

===Post-World War II decline===
The city's population became more diverse after the end of [[World War II]], when a seemingly robust steel industry attracted thousands of workers.<ref>Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. 41–42.</ref> In the 1950s, the [[Hispanics in the United States|Latino]] population grew significantly; and by the 1970s, [[St. Rose of Lima]] Catholic Church and the First Spanish [[Baptist]] Church of Ohio were among the largest religious institutions for Spanish-speaking residents in the Youngstown metropolitan area.<ref name="Aley46"/> In 1951, city planners projected that Youngstown would grow to 200,000 to 250,000 in population due to continuously strong demand for domestic steel in [[western Europe]], [[Japan]], and [[South Korea]], and so 12,000 acres on the city's East Side were annexed and extended utilities in expectation of future housing projects, in addition to aggressive re-zoning for expanded commercial spaces throughout the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/plan/plan.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110092218/http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/plan/plan.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 10, 2016 |title=Youngstown 2010 Plan |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 15, 2022 }}</ref>

At 11:30 on Wednesday, September 6, 1967, only 9 of the 50 scheduled patrolmen arrived for work at the Youngstown Police Department.  The others were not [[strike action|on strike]].  That was prevented by Ohio state law.  The patrolmen, eventually numbering 300, along with another 300 city-employed firefighters, were instead attending "continuous professional meetings", and would be until their demand for an immediate across-the-board raise of $1200 was met.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ohio Governor Turns Down Bid for Troops |publisher=Scranton Pennsylvania Tribune |date=September 8, 1967}}{{page needed|date=February 2021}}</ref>  By Saturday, the day they were ordered back to their jobs by a [[Ohio Courts of Common Pleas|Common Pleas Court]] judge, citizens were reported as disturbed, rather than badly frightened, by the risks of police and fire services operating at about 30% normal headcounts.  A car fire was the worst single incident.  When ending the strike the judge also ordered the pay raise.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ordered to Return to Work |publisher=Akron Beacon Journal |date=September 9, 1967}}{{page needed|date=February 2021}}</ref>  Apart from a fruitless six-day "sick call" of police in Detroit in June 1967, Youngstown's was the first major police strike since the [[Boston Police Strike]] in 1919.  As the editorial writers at ''[[The Sheboygan Press]]'' of [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin]] put it, "So we have seen the first successful strike by policemen and firemen. It is a precedent over which there should be little rejoicing."<ref>{{cite news |title=A Crack in the Wall |publisher=Sheboygan Press |date=September 13, 1967}}</ref>

The [[Economy of Youngstown, Ohio|industrial economy]] that drew various groups to the area collapsed in the late 1970s, culminating with the September 19, 1977, closure of the [[Youngstown Sheet and Tube]] [[Campbell, Ohio|Campbell Works]] after financial downturn due to changes in the steel manufacturing process and international competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/04/08/real_estate/radical_city_plan/index.htm?postversion=2008042410 |title=The incredible shrinking city |author=Christie, Les |publisher=CNN Money |date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=November 15, 2022 }}</ref> In response to subsequent challenges, the city has taken well-publicized steps to diversify economically, while building on some traditional strengths.<ref name="nasser">{{cite news |first=Haya El |last=Nasser |title=As older cities shrink, some reinvent themselves |work=USA Today |date=December 26, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-12-26-shrinking-cities-cover_x.htm}}</ref>