Editing Yorkshire (section)

===Ancient–500: Hen Ogledd===
====Early: Celtic Brigantes and Parisi====

Early inhabitants of what became Yorkshire were [[Hen Ogledd]] [[Celtic Britons|Brythonic]] [[Celts]] (old north British Celts), who formed separate tribes, the [[Brigantes]] (known to be in the north and western areas of now Yorkshire) and the [[Parisi (tribe)|Parisi]] (present-day [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Riding]]). The Brigantes controlled territory that later became all of [[Northern England]] and more territory than most Celtic tribes on the island of [[Great Britain]]. Six of the nine Brigantian ''[[Polis|poleis]]'' described by [[Ptolemy|Claudius Ptolemaeus]] in the ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geographia]]'' fall within the historic county.<ref name="brigantes">{{cite web |url=http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/tribes/brigantes/ |publisher=Roman-Britain.co.uk |title=The Brigantes |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125143203/http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/tribes/brigantes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ptolemy">[[Ptolemy]], ''[[Geographia (Ptolemy)|Geographia]]'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/1*.html 2.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306192126/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/1%2A.html |date=6 March 2022 }}, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/2*.html 2.2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306192154/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/2%2A.html |date=6 March 2022 }}</ref>

The Parisi, who controlled the area that would become the East Riding, might have been related to the [[Parisii (Gaul)|Parisii]] of ''[[Lutetia]] Parisiorum'', [[Gaul]] (known today as Paris, France).<ref name="parisii">{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/tribes/parisi/|publisher=Roman-Britain.co.uk|title=The Parisii|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125143205/http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/tribes/parisi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Their capital was at [[Petuaria]], close to the Humber Estuary.

====43–400s: Britannia Inferior====
[[File:Constantine York Minster.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of [[Constantine I]] outside [[York Minster]].]]
Although the [[Roman conquest of Britain]] began in 43&nbsp;AD, the Brigantes remained in control of their kingdom as a [[client state]] of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]] for an extended period, reigned over by the Brigantian monarchs [[Cartimandua]] and her husband [[Venutius]]. The capital was between the north and west ridings ''[[Isurium Brigantum]]'' (near [[Aldborough, North Yorkshire|Aldborough]]) ''[[civitas]]'' under Roman rule. Initially, this situation suited both the Romans and the Brigantes, who were known as the most [[Military|militant]] tribe in Britain.<ref name="rib">{{cite web|url=http://www.romans-in-britain.org.uk/his_brigantian_uprising.htm|publisher=Romans-In-Britain.org.uk|title=Romans in Britain|access-date=25 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017195232/http://romans-in-britain.org.uk/his_brigantian_uprising.htm|archive-date=17 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Queen Cartimandua left Venutius for his armour bearer, [[Vellocatus]], setting off a chain of events that changed control of the region. Cartimandua's good relationship with the Romans enabled her to keep control of the kingdom; however, her former husband staged [[rebellion]]s against her and her Roman allies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arch.wyjs.org.uk/AdvSrv/indexRoman.asp?pg=Romanweb/Cartimandua.htm |publisher=West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service |title=Cartimandua |year=2007 |access-date=3 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009031721/http://www.arch.wyjs.org.uk/AdvSrv/indexRoman.asp?pg=Romanweb%2FCartimandua.htm |archive-date=9 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the second attempt, Venutius seized the kingdom, but the Romans, under general [[Quintus Petillius Cerialis|Petillius Cerialis]], conquered the Brigantes in 71&nbsp;AD.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.shadowdrake.com/brigit5.html| publisher=House Shadow Drake| title=The Brigantes| access-date=25 October 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021090013/http://www.shadowdrake.com/brigit5.html| archive-date=21 October 2006| url-status=dead }}</ref>

The fortified city of [[Eboracum]] (now York) was named as capital of ''[[Britannia Inferior]]'' and joint capital of all [[Roman Britain]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/Classics/roman_provinces/britain/image21.htm| publisher=VanderBilt.edu| title=Lower (Britannia Inferior) and Upper Britain (Britannia Superior)| access-date=24 October 2007| archive-date=2 March 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302180601/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/Classics/roman_provinces/britain/image21.htm| url-status=live}}</ref> The emperor [[Septimius Severus]] ruled the [[Roman Empire]] from Eboracum for the two years before his death.<ref name="romanfest">{{cite web| url=http://www.yorkromanfestival.com/history.htm| publisher=York Roman Festival| title=Roman York – a brief introduction to York's Roman History| access-date=25 October 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008234045/http://www.yorkromanfestival.com/history.htm| archive-date=8 October 2007| url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

Another emperor, [[Constantius Chlorus]], died in Eboracum during a visit in 306&nbsp;AD. Thereafter his son [[Constantine the Great]], who became renowned for his acceptance of Christianity, was proclaimed emperor in the city.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.britainexpress.com/cities/york/roman.htm| publisher=Britain Express| title=Roman York| access-date=25 October 2007| archive-date=14 October 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014053119/http://britainexpress.com/cities/york/roman.htm| url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 5th century, [[End of Roman rule in Britain|Roman rule ceased]] with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops. By this stage, the Western Empire was in intermittent decline.<ref name="romanfest" />