Editing Yogurt (section)

==Health research==

Because it may contain live cultures, yogurt is often associated with [[probiotic]]s, which have been postulated as having positive effects on [[immune system|immune]], [[cardiovascular]] or [[metabolic disorder|metabolic]] health.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = El-Abbadi NH, Dao MC, Meydani SN | title = Yogurt: role in healthy and active aging | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 99 | issue = 5 Suppl | pages = 1263S–1270S | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24695886 | pmc = 6410895 | doi = 10.3945/ajcn.113.073957  | issn = 0002-9165 }}</ref><ref name="astrup">{{cite journal | vauthors = Astrup A | title = Yogurt and dairy product consumption to prevent cardiometabolic diseases: epidemiologic and experimental studies | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 99 | issue = 5 Suppl | pages = 1235S–1242S | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24695891 | doi = 10.3945/ajcn.113.073015 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=gij/>

As of the early 21st century, high-quality clinical evidence was insufficient to conclude that consuming yogurt lowers the risk of diseases or otherwise improves health.<ref name=bridging>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rijkers GT, de Vos WM, Brummer RJ, Morelli L, Corthier G, Marteau P | title = Health benefits and health claims of probiotics: bridging science and marketing | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 106 | issue = 9 | pages = 1291–1296 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 21861940 | doi = 10.1017/S000711451100287X | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[meta-analysis|Meta-analyses]] found that consuming 80 grams per day of low-fat yogurt was associated with a lower risk of developing [[type 2 diabetes]]<ref name="gij">{{cite journal | last1=Gijsbers | first1=Lieke | last2=Ding | first2=Eric L | last3=Malik | first3=Vasanti S | last4=de Goede | first4=Janette | last5=Geleijnse | first5=Johanna M | last6=Soedamah-Muthu | first6=Sabita S | title=Consumption of dairy foods and diabetes incidence: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies | journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume=103 | issue=4 | date=24 February 2016 | issn=0002-9165 | pmid=26912494 | doi=10.3945/ajcn.115.123216 | pages=1111–1124| doi-access=free }}</ref> and a lower incidence of [[hip fracture]] in [[Menopause|post-menopausal]] women.<ref name="Ong">{{cite journal | last1=Ong | first1=Angel M | last2=Kang | first2=Kai | last3=Weiler | first3=Hope A | last4=Morin | first4=Suzanne N | title=Fermented Milk Products and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Prospective Cohorts, and Case-Control Studies | journal=Advances in Nutrition | volume=11 | issue=2 | date=11 October 2019 | issn=2161-8313 | pmid=31603185 | pmc=7442363 | doi=10.1093/advances/nmz108 | pages=251–65}}</ref> A 2021 review found a [[causality|cause-and-effect]] relationship between yogurt consumption and improved lactose tolerance and digestion, and that potential associations exist between yogurt consumption and improving bone health, as well as lowering the risk of some diseases, including cancers and [[metabolic syndrome]].<ref name="Savaiano">{{cite journal | last1=Savaiano | first1=Dennis A | last2=Hutkins | first2=Robert W | title=Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review | journal=Nutrition Reviews | volume=79 | issue=5 | date=23 May 2020 | issn=0029-6643 | pmid=32447398 | pmc=8579104 | doi=10.1093/nutrit/nuaa013 | pages=599–614}}</ref>