Editing Yekaterinburg (section)

===Soviet era===
[[File:Ekaterinbourg.jpeg|thumb|Snow-covered statue of [[Yakov Sverdlov]]|alt=]]
In the years following the [[Russian Revolution]] and the [[Russian Civil War]], political authority of the Urals was transferred from [[Perm, Russia|Perm]] to Yekaterinburg. On 19 October 1920, Yekaterinburg established its first university, the [[Ural State University]], as well as polytechnic, pedagogical, and medical institutions under the decree of Soviet leader [[Vladimir Lenin]]. Enterprises in the city ravaged by the war were nationalised, including: the Metalist (formerly Yates) Plant, the Verkh-Isetsky (formerly Yakovleva) Plant, and the Lenin flax-spinning factory (formerly Makarov). In 1924, the city of Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader [[Yakov Sverdlov]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Главная: НОВОСТИ|url=http://www.familii.ru/index.php?pCode=news&news=1014|access-date=20 May 2018|website=familii.ru|language=ru-ru}}</ref><ref name="gr">{{cite web|title=Екатеринбург|url=http://gerb.duma.midural.ru/ter/ter33|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308011816/http://gerb.duma.midural.ru/ter/ter33|archive-date=8 March 2013|access-date=6 December 2009|website=Геральдика Свердловской области|publisher=Официальный сайт областной думы законодательного собрания}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

By the 1934, following a series of administrative reforms carried by the early Soviet government, the earliest Russian settlements which predated Yekaterinburg and laid the basis of its founding, were incorporated into the city proper.<ref name=":22" /><ref name="spr">{{cite web|title=Справочник по административно-территориальному делению Свердловской области|url=http://uralarchives.ru/docs/archives/ga/gaso-ter.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222054335/http://uralarchives.ru/docs/archives/ga/gaso-ter.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2013|publisher=ГАСО (State Archive of the Sverdlovsk oblast)|pages=37}}</ref>

During the reign of Stalin, Sverdlovsk was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a centre of heavy industry. Old factories were reconstructed and new large factories were built, especially those specialised in machine-building and metalworking. These plants included [[Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works|Magnitogorsk]] and the [[Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant]] in [[Chelyabinsk oblast]], and [[Uralmash]] in Sverdlovsk. During this time, the population of Sverdlovsk tripled in size, and it became one of the fastest-growing cities of the Soviet Union. At that time, very large powers were given to the regional authorities. By the end of the 1930s, there were 140 industrial enterprises, 25 research institutes, and 12 higher education institutions in Sverdlovsk.<ref name="Rappaport1999">{{Cite book|first=Helen|last=Rappaport|author-link=Helen Rappaport|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lsKClpnX8qwC|title=Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1999|isbn=978-1-57607-084-0}}</ref><ref name="sp">{{cite web|last=Беркович Артём|title=Пермь и Екатеринбург: история соперничества|url=http://m-i-e.ru/library/istoriya/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525123845/http://m-i-e.ru/library/istoriya/|archive-date=25 May 2013|access-date=16 December 2009|publisher=Муниципальный музей истории Екатеринбурга}}</ref>

During World War II, the city became the headquarters of the [[Volga–Urals Military District|Ural Military District]] on the basis of which more than 500 different military units and formations were formed, including the [[22nd Army (Russia)|22nd Army]] and the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps. Uralmash became the main production site for armoured vehicles. Many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Sverdlovsk away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Sverdlovsk after the victory. The [[Hermitage Museum]] collections were also partly evacuated from [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] to Sverdlovsk in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945.<ref>{{citation|mode=cs1|date=2005|title=In the name of Victory. Sverdlovsk-Yekaterinburg during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945|via=Ekaterinburg: Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> In the postwar years, new industrial and agricultural enterprises were put into operation and massive housing construction began.<ref>{{cite web|title=Свердловск – 1983 год.|url=http://www.1723.ru/read/books/sverdlovsk-1983.htm|access-date=20 May 2018|website=1723.ru}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Sverdlovsk sprang up in the 1960s, under the direction of [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Интервью – АПИ-Урал|url=http://www.apiural.ru/interview/?art=18315|access-date=15 May 2018|website=apiural.ru}}</ref> In 1977, Ipatiev House was demolished by order of [[Boris Yeltsin]] in accordance to a resolution from the Politburo in order to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for [[Monarchism|monarchists]]. Yeltsin later became the first [[President of Russia]] and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998.<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 July 1998|title=President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/monitoring/134401.stm|access-date=4 April 2012}}</ref> There was an [[Sverdlovsk anthrax leak|anthrax outbreak]] in Sverdlovsk in April and May 1979, which was attributed to a release from the [[closed town|Sverdlovsk-19 military facility]].<ref>Matthew S. Meselson, et al., "The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979", ''Science'' 266:5188 (18 November 1994): 1202–1208.</ref>