Editing Xylene (section)

==Properties==
The physical properties of the isomers of xylene differ slightly. The melting point ranges from {{convert|−47.87|°C|°F|2}} (''m''-xylene) to {{convert|13.26|°C|°F|2}} (''p''-xylene)—as usual, the para isomer's melting point is much higher because it packs more readily in the crystal structure. The boiling point for each isomer is around {{convert|140|°C|°F|0}}. The density of each isomer is around {{convert|0.87|g/mL|lb/gal lb/impgal|abbr=on}} and thus is less dense than [[properties of water|water]]. The odor of xylene is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7&nbsp;ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8&nbsp;ppm.<ref name="Kandyala" />

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{| align="center" class="wikitable" style="background:white; border-color:#C0C090; text-align:center;"

! {{Chemical datatable header}} colspan="5" | Xylene isomers
|-
<!--| align="center" colspan="5" | [[Image:Xylene Isomers.PNG|400px|{{PAGENAME}}]] replace if not identical with the pagename -->
|-
! {{Chemical datatable header}} colspan="5" | General
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| Common name
| Xylenes<br>(mixture)
| [[o-Xylene|''o''-Xylene]]
| [[m-Xylene|''m''-Xylene]]
| [[p-Xylene|''p''-Xylene]]
|-
| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| Dimethylbenzene
| 1,2-Dimethylbenzene
| 1,3-Dimethylbenzene
| 1,4-Dimethylbenzene
|-
| Other names
| Xylol
| ''o''-Xylol;<br>Orthoxylene
| ''m''-Xylol;<br>Metaxylene
| ''p''-Xylol;<br>Paraxylene
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="4" | C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]]
|
| Cc1c(C)cccc1
| Cc1cc(C)ccc1
| Cc1ccc(C)cc1
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="4" | 106.16&nbsp;g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="4" | Clear, colorless liquid
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [1330-20-7]
| [95-47-6]
| [108-38-3]
| [106-42-3]
|-
! {{Chemical datatable header}} colspan="5" | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[phase (matter)|phase]]
| 0.864&nbsp;g/mL, liquid
| 0.88&nbsp;g/mL, liquid
| 0.86&nbsp;g/mL, liquid
| 0.86&nbsp;g/mL, liquid
|-
| [[Soluble|Solubility]] in water
| colspan="4" | Practically insoluble
|-
| colspan="5" | Soluble in non-polar solvents such as [[aromatic hydrocarbon]]s
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| −47.4&nbsp;°C (−53.3&nbsp;°F; 226 K)
| −25&nbsp;°C (−13&nbsp;°F; 248 K)
| −48&nbsp;°C (−54&nbsp;°F; 225 K)
| 13&nbsp;°C (55&nbsp;°F; 286 K)
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| 138.5&nbsp;°C (281.3&nbsp;°F; 412 K)
| 144&nbsp;°C (291&nbsp;°F; 417 K)
| 139&nbsp;°C (282&nbsp;°F; 412 K)
| 138&nbsp;°C (280&nbsp;°F; 411 K)
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
|
| 0.812 c[[Poise (unit)|P]] at {{convert|20|°C|°F|0}}
| 0.62 c[[Poise (unit)|P]] at {{convert|20|°C|°F|0}}
| 0.34 c[[Poise (unit)|P]] at {{convert|30|°C|°F|0}}
|-
! {{Chemical datatable header}} colspan="5" | Hazards <!-- Summary only- MSDS entry provides more complete information -->
|-
| [[Safety data sheet|SDS]]
| [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=X5FB50&productDescription=XYLENES+ACS+FB+50L&vendorId=VN00033897&countryCode=US&language=en Xylenes]
| [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/17180.htm ''o''-Xylene]
| [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/95260.htm ''m''-Xylene]
| [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/95257.htm ''p''-Xylene]
|-
| [[GHS hazard pictograms|EU pictograms]]
| colspan="4" | {{GHS02}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}

 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="4" | {{NFPA 704 diamond| H=2 | F=3 | R=0 }}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{convert|30|°C|°F|0}}
| {{convert|17|°C|°F|0}}
| {{convert|25|°C|°F|0}}
| {{convert|25|°C|°F|0}}
|-
| [[GHS hazard statements|H]] & [[GHS precautionary statements|P phrases]]
| colspan="4" | {{H-phrases|225|226|304|312|315|319|332|335|412}}<br/>
{{P-phrases|210|233|240|241|242|243|261|264|271|273|280
|301+310|302+352|303+361+353|304+312|304+340|305+351+338|312|321|322|331|332+313|337+313|362|363|370+378
|403+233|403+235|405|501}}
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
|
| ZE2450000
| ZE2275000
| ZE2625000
|-
! {{Chemical datatable header}} colspan="5" | Related compounds
|-
| Related aromatic<br>hydrocarbons
| colspan="4" | [[Toluene]], [[mesitylene]], [[benzene]], [[ethylbenzene]]
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="4" | Xylenols – types of [[phenols]]
|-
| {{Chemical datatable header}} colspan="5" | <small>Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25{{nbsp}}°C, 100{{nbsp}}kPa)]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]</small>
|}

Xylenes form [[azeotrope]]s with water and a variety of alcohols. The azeotrope with water consists of 60% xylenes and boils at 94.5&nbsp;°C.<ref name="Ullmann" /> As with many [[alkylbenzene]] compounds, xylenes form complexes with various [[halocarbon]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Separation of Xylenes |journal= Ind. Eng. Chem. |year= 1955 |volume= 47 |issue= 2 |pages= 250–253 |doi= 10.1021/ie50542a028 |author1=Clark J. E. |author2=Luthy, R. V. }}</ref> The complexes of different isomers often have dramatically different properties from each other.<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1021/ac980221b |title = Separation of Closely Boiling Isomers and Identically Boiling Isotopomers via Electron-Transfer-Assisted Extraction |journal = Analytical Chemistry |volume = 70 |issue = 18 |pages = 3880 |year = 1998 |last1 = Stevenson |first1 = Cheryl D. |last2 = McElheny |first2 = Daniel J. |last3 = Kage |first3 = David E. |last4 = Ciszewski |first4 = James T. |last5 = Reiter |first5 = Richard C.}}</ref>