Editing X-Men (section)

=== Claremont Era ===
{{More citations needed|section|date=June 2011}}
[[Image:Giantsize1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Giant-Size X-Men]] #1 (May 1975). Cover art by Gil Kane and Dave Cockrum.]]
In ''[[Giant-Size X-Men]]'' #1 (1975), writer [[Len Wein]] and artist [[Dave Cockrum]] introduced a new team that starred in a revival of ''The X-Men'', beginning with [[Uncanny X-Men 94|issue #94]]. This new team replaced the previous members with the exception of [[Cyclops (Marvel Comics)|Cyclops]], who remained. This team differed greatly from the original. Unlike in the early issues of the original series, the new team was not made up of teenagers and they also had a more diverse background. Marvel's corporate owners, [[Cadence Industries]], had suggested the new team should be international, feeling it needed characters with "foreign appeal".<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wCSfBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22based+on+a+suggestion+from+Marvel%27s+corporate+owners+%E2%80%93+now+named+Cadence+Industries%22&pg=PT87| title = A Brief History of Superheroes: From Superman to the Avengers, the Evolution of Comic Book Legends| isbn = 9781472110701| last1 = Robb| first1 = Brian J.| date = May 15, 2014| publisher = Little, Brown Book}}</ref> So each character was from a different country with varying cultural and philosophical beliefs, and all were already well-versed in using their mutant powers, several being experienced in combat.

The "all-new, all-different X-Men"<ref>''Giant-Size X-Men'' #1</ref> were led by Cyclops, from the original team, and consisted of the newly created [[Colossus (character)|Colossus]] (from the Soviet Union/Russia), [[Nightcrawler (character)|Nightcrawler]] (from Germany), [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]] (from Kenya), and [[Thunderbird (John Proudstar)|Thunderbird]] (a Native American of [[Apache]] descent), and three previously introduced characters: [[Banshee (character)|Banshee]] (from Ireland), [[Sunfire (comics)|Sunfire]] (from Japan), and [[Wolverine (character)|Wolverine]] (from Canada). Wolverine eventually became the [[breakout character]] on the team and, in terms of comic sales and appearances, the most popular X-Men character, even getting his own [[Wolverine (comic book)|solo title]]. However, this team would not remain whole for long; Sunfire, who never really accepted the other members, quit shortly after their first mission, and Thunderbird died on the next. Filling in the vacancy, a revamped [[Jean Grey]] soon rejoined the X-Men under her new persona of "Phoenix". Angel, [[Beast (Marvel Comics)|Beast]], [[Iceman (Marvel Comics)|Iceman]], [[Havok (character)|Havok]], and [[Polaris (Marvel Comics)|Polaris]] also made significant guest appearances.

The revived series was illustrated by Cockrum, and later by [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]], and written by [[Chris Claremont]]. Claremont became the series' longest-running contributor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/3522|title=The X-Men Files|website=NYMag.com|date=July 17, 2000 }}</ref> The run met with critical acclaim and produced such landmark storylines as the death of Thunderbird, the emergence of the [[Phoenix Force]], the saga of the [[Starjammers]] and the M'Kraan Crystal, the introduction of [[Alpha Flight]] and the [[Proteus (Marvel Comics)|Proteus]] saga.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nickerson|first=Al |title=Claremont and Byrne: The Team that Made the X-Men Uncanny|journal=[[Back Issue!]]|issue=29 |pages=3–12|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|date=August 2008|location=Raleigh, North Carolina}}</ref> Other characters introduced during this time include [[Amanda Sefton]], [[Mystique (character)|Mystique]], and [[Moira MacTaggert]], with her genetic research facility on [[Muir Island]].

The 1980s began with the comic's best-known story arc, the "[[The Dark Phoenix Saga|Dark Phoenix Saga]]", which saw Phoenix manipulated by the illusionist Mastermind and becoming corrupted with an overwhelming lust for power and destruction as the evil Dark Phoenix. Other important storylines included "[[Days of Future Past]]", the saga of [[Deathbird]] and the [[Brood (comics)|Brood]], the discovery of the Morlocks, the invasion of the Dire Wraiths and ''The Trial of Magneto!'', as well as ''[[X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills]],'' the partial inspiration for [[20th Century Fox]]'s film ''[[X2 (film)|X2: X-Men United]]'', which was released on May 2, 2003.<ref name=next>{{cite magazine | first=Scott | last=Brown | title=The Ne''X''t Level | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=May 9, 2003 | url=https://ew.com/article/2003/05/02/ew-tracks-evolution-x2/ | access-date=April 11, 2009 | archive-date=May 12, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512084027/http://www.ew.com/article/2003/05/02/ew-tracks-evolution-x2 | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:The cover of 1987's Uncanny X-Men 227.jpg|upright|thumb|''Uncanny X-Men'' #227 (March 1988) by Chris Claremont and Marc Silvestri]]
By the early 1980s, ''X-Men'' was Marvel's top-selling comic title. Its sales were such that distributors and retailers began using an "X-Men index", rating each comic book publication by how many orders it garnered compared to that month's issue of ''X-Men''.<ref name="RightChord">{{cite news | last = O'Neill | first= Patrick Daniel | date = August 1993 | title = Hitting the Right Chord | work = [[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]]: X-Men Turn Thirty | pages = 84–85}}</ref> The growing popularity of ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]'' and the rise of comic book specialty stores led to the introduction of a number of ongoing spin-off series nicknamed "X-Books." The first of these was ''[[The New Mutants (comic book)|The New Mutants]]'', soon followed by ''[[Alpha Flight (comic book)|Alpha Flight]]'', ''[[X-Factor (comic book)|X-Factor]]'', ''[[Excalibur (comic book)|Excalibur]]'', and a solo ''[[Wolverine (comic book)|Wolverine]]'' title. When Claremont conceived a story arc, the "[[Mutant Massacre]]", which was too long to run in the monthly ''X-Men'', editor [[Louise Simonson]] decided to have it overlap into several X-Books. The story was a major financial success,<ref>{{cite news | last = Grant | first= Paul J. | date = August 1993 | title = Poor Dead Doug, and Other Mutant Memories | work = [[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]]: X-Men Turn Thirty | pages = 66–69}}</ref> and when the later "[[Fall of the Mutants]]" was similarly successful, the marketing department declared that the X-Men lineup would hold such [[fictional crossover|crossovers]] annually.<ref name="futureNow">{{cite news | last = O'Neill | first= Patrick Daniel | date = August 1993 | title = The Future is Now | work = [[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]]: X-Men Turn Thirty | pages = 12–25}}</ref>

Throughout the decade, ''Uncanny X-Men'' was written solely by Chris Claremont, and illustrated for long runs by John Byrne, Dave Cockrum, [[Paul Smith (comics)|Paul Smith]], [[John Romita Jr.]], and [[Marc Silvestri]]. In the Claremont era, [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]] is the most prominent character and the main protagonist.<ref>Deman, p. 35.</ref> Additions to the X-Men during this time were [[Kitty Pryde|Kitty Pryde/Shadowcat]], [[Rogue (Marvel Comics)|Rogue]], [[Jean Grey]]/Phoenix, [[Betsy Braddock|Psylocke]], [[Dazzler (Marvel Comics)|Dazzler]], [[Longshot (Marvel Comics)|Longshot]], [[Jubilee (character)|Jubilee]], [[Forge (character)|Forge]] and [[Gambit (Marvel Comics)|Gambit]]. In a controversial move, [[Professor X]] relocated to outer space to be with [[Lilandra Neramani]], Majestrix of the [[Shi'ar]] Empire, in 1986. Magneto then joined the X-Men in Xavier's place and became the director of the New Mutants. This period also included the emergence of the [[Hellfire Club (comics)|Hellfire Club]], the arrival of the mysterious [[Madelyne Pryor]], and the villains [[Apocalypse (character)|Apocalypse]], [[Mister Sinister]], [[Mojo (comics)|Mojo]], and [[Sabretooth (character)|Sabretooth]].

*X-Men
** ''[[Uncanny X-Men]],'' vol. 1 (flagship) – a team of young mutants with superhuman abilities led and taught by Professor X (1963–1970); the team expanded when Xavier recruited mutants from around the world (1975–1985); a reformed Magneto became the headmaster after Xavier had left Earth (1985–1988); the team later relocated to the Australian Outback after the events of ''The'' ''Fall of the Mutants'' (1988–1989); after the X-Men is disassembled, the team reformed to fight the mutant-rights abuse of Genosha (1991).
** ''[[X-Factor (comic book)|X-Factor]],'' vol. 1 – the Original Five set up a business advertised as mutant-hunters for hire, and secretly trained the captured mutants to control their powers and reintegrate them into society (1986–1991).
** [[Excalibur (comic book)|''Excalibur'']], vol. 1 – Nightcrawler, Shadowcat and Rachel Grey teamed up with Captain Britain and Meggan to form a group of mutants based in Europe after the apparent death of the X-Men during ''The Fall of the Mutants'' (1988–1992).
* X-Men in Training
** ''[[The New Mutants (comic book)|New Mutants]],'' vol. 1 – a group of teenaged students of the School for Gifted Youngsters gathered by Professor X
*Other Teams
** ''[[Alpha Flight (comic book)|Alpha Flight]],'' vol. 1 – Canada's premiere team of super-heroes organized under the auspices of the Canadian government's Department H.