Editing World government (section)

===Dante's Universal Monarchy===
The idea of world government outlived the [[Fall of the Western Roman Empire|fall of Rome]] for centuries, particularly in its former heartland of Italy. Medieval peace movements such as the [[Waldensians]] gave impetus to utopian philosophers like [[Marsilius of Padua]] to envision a world without war.<ref name="Duffey 1995 p. 101">{{cite book | last=Duffey | first=M.K. | title=Peacemaking Christians: The Future of Just Wars, Pacifism, and Nonviolent Resistance | publisher=Sheed & Ward | series=G – Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series | year=1995 | isbn=978-1-55612-764-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOa1amxfMY0C&pg=PA101 | access-date=2023-05-04 | page=101}}</ref> In his fourteenth-century work ''[[De Monarchia]]'', Florentine poet and philosopher [[Dante Alighieri]] appealed for a [[universal monarchy]] that would work separate from<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkScBQAAQBAJ&dq=de+monarchia+church+separate+pope&pg=PA166 | isbn=9781317606307 | title=Europe: A Cultural History | date=27 November 2014 | publisher=Routledge }}</ref> and uninfluenced<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n77z4tabLXcC&dq=de+monarchia+church+separate+pope&pg=PA67 | isbn=9788126900732 | title=Comprehensive History of Political Thought | year=2001 | publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vGzDwAAQBAJ&dq=de+monarchia+church+separate&pg=PT17 | isbn=9783849653538 | title=De Monarchia: Of Monarchy | year=2019 | publisher=Jazzybee Verlag }}</ref> by the [[Catholic Church]] to establish peace in humanity's lifetime and the afterlife, respectively:

<blockquote>But what has been the condition of the world since that day the seamless robe [of Pax Romana] first suffered mutilation by the claws of avarice, we can read—would that we could not also see! O human race! what tempests must need toss thee, what treasure be thrown into the sea, what shipwrecks must be endured, so long as thou, like a beast of many heads, strivest after diverse ends! Thou art sick in either intellect, or sick likewise in thy affection. Thou healest not thy high understanding by argument irrefutable, nor thy lower by the countenance of experience. Nor dost thou heal thy affection by the sweetness of divine persuasion, when the voice of the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]] breathes upon thee, 'Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!'<ref>''[[De Monarchia]]'', 16:1</ref></blockquote>

[[Mercurino di Gattinara|Di Gattinara]] was an Italian diplomat who widely promoted Dante's ''De Monarchia'' and its call for a universal monarchy. An advisor of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], and the chancellor of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], he conceived global government as uniting all [[Christendom|Christian nations]] under a [[Res publica Christiana|Respublica Christiana]], which was the only political entity able to establish [[world peace]].