Editing William de St-Calais (section)

==Rebellion==
[[File:Durham Castle keep (April).jpg|thumb|left|300px|The keep of [[Durham Castle]], where St-Calais shut himself up in 1088|alt=A stone three-story building with small windows on a grassy hill]]
Soon after the accession of William Rufus, St-Calais became one of the king's most trusted lieutenants,<ref name=Mason53>Mason ''William II'' pp. 53–55</ref> along with the recently released Odo of Bayeux.<ref name=Poole100>Poole ''Domesday Book to Magna Carta'' pp. 100–104</ref> Later chroniclers often referred to the position that St-Calais held as [[justiciar]], although the formal office did not yet exist.<ref name=Lyon152>Lyon ''Constitutional and Legal History'' pp. 152–153</ref>{{efn|The chroniclers' statements may have come about through confusion with St-Calais' position in Durham, which was a palatinate, or a territory where the ruler had powers which were normally exercised by a king, but without the title of king.<ref name=Dict209>Coredon ''Dictionary of Medieval Terms'' p. 209</ref><ref name=West10>West ''Justiciarship in England'' p. 10</ref>}} Around Easter 1088, Odo of Bayeux and many of the nobles revolted against the king and tried to place the king's elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, on the throne. After the king had set off with St-Calais and some troops to counter Odo in Kent, St-Calais suddenly deserted, shutting himself in Durham Castle.<ref name=DNB/> Why St-Calais joined the rebellion, or at least did nothing to aid the king, is unclear.<ref name=Aird293>Aird "Absent Friend" ''Anglo-Norman Durham'' p. 293</ref> He and Odo had never been close, and despite the fact that St-Calais was educated at Bayeux, there is no evidence that Odo helped St-Calais' career.<ref name=Aird287/> Some historians, including W. M. Aird, have suggested that St-Calais felt the division of the Conqueror's realm between two sons was unwise. It has been suggested that St Calais joined the rebellion to reunite the Normans and English under one ruler.<ref name=Aird293/>

St-Calais was the only bishop who did not actively aid the king; the rebelling magnates included [[Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|Roger de Montgomery]] [[Earl of Shrewsbury]], [[Robert de Mowbray]] [[Earl of Northumbria]], and Odo's brother [[Robert, Count of Mortain|Robert]] [[List of Counts of Mortain|Count of Mortain]]. The rebellion had failed by the end of the summer,<ref name=Lords49>Powell and Wallis ''House of Lords'' p. 49</ref> but St-Calais continued to hold out in Durham, at first claiming he had never actually rebelled. When the king's army arrived, St-Calais agreed to come out, but only after receiving a safe conduct that would allow him to attend a trial while his men continued to hold the castle.<ref name=Crouch135>Crouch ''Normans'' p. 135</ref><ref name=Mason64>Mason ''William II'' pp. 64–71</ref> St-Calais's actions suggest that he did rebel, whatever his claims to the contrary and affirmations of his innocence in northern chronicles.<ref name=Mason53/><ref name=Poole100/>