Editing Walter Gropius (section)

=== Bauhaus period (1919–1932) ===
Gropius's career advanced in the postwar period. [[Henry van de Velde]], the master of the Grand-Ducal Saxon School of Arts and Crafts in [[Weimar]] was asked to step down in 1915 due to his Belgian nationality. His recommendation for Gropius to succeed him led eventually to Gropius's appointment as master of the school in 1919. It was this academy which Gropius transformed into the world-famous [[Bauhaus]] (a.k.a. Gropius School of Arts), attracting a faculty that included [[Paul Klee]], [[Johannes Itten]], [[Josef Albers]], [[Herbert Bayer]], [[László Moholy-Nagy]], [[Otto Bartning]] and [[Wassily Kandinsky]].

In principle, the Bauhaus represented an opportunity to extend beauty and quality to every home through well designed industrially produced objects. The Bauhaus program was experimental and the emphasis was theoretical.<ref>Isaacs, pp. 66–72</ref> One example product of the Bauhaus was the armchair F 51, designed for the Bauhaus's directors room in 1920 – nowadays a re-edition in the market, manufactured by the German company TECTA/Lauenfoerde.

In 1919, Gropius was involved in the [[Glass Chain]] utopian [[Expressionist architecture|expressionist]] correspondence under the pseudonym "Mass." Usually more notable for his functionalist approach, the ''[[Monument to the March Dead]]'', designed in 1919 and executed in 1920, indicates that expressionism was an influence on him at that time. In 1920, the Bauhaus was given its first major commission that would utilize almost all of the workshops in the school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Architecture |url=https://www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/bauhaus/new_artist/body_spirit/architecture/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Getty Research Institute|date=10 June 2019 }}</ref> This commission was for a house for [[Adolf Sommerfeld]] made from wood. The architectural designs for the house came from Gropius and Adolf Meyer. The [[Sommerfeld House]] was completed in 1921.

In 1923, Gropius designed his famous door handles, now considered an icon of 20th-century design and often listed as one of the most influential designs to emerge from Bauhaus. Facing political and financial difficulties in Weimar, Gropius and the Bauhaus moved to [[Dessau]] in 1925 following an offer from the city. Gropius designed the new [[Bauhaus Dessau building|Bauhaus Dessau school building]] in 1925–26 on commission from the city of Dessau. He collaborated with [[Carl Fieger]], [[Ernst Neufert]] and others within his private architectural practice.<ref>[https://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/en/architecture/bauhaus-building/bauhaus-building.html Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. The Bauhaus Building by Walter Gropius] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228082923/https://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/en/architecture/bauhaus-building/bauhaus-building.html |date=28 December 2018 }}. Retrieved 3 January 2019</ref> Gropius also designed the Master Houses (Meisterhäuser) (1925–1926) in Dessau, along with the Törten Housing Estate (Siedlung Dessau-Törten) which was built from 1926 to 1928. In 1927 he designed the Dessau City Employment office (Arbeitsamt), but left the Bauhaus and Dessau before construction began. The City Employment office was completed in 1929. He also designed large-scale housing projects in [[Berlin]], [[Karlsruhe]] that were major contributions to the [[New Objectivity (architecture)|New Objectivity]] movement, including a contribution to the [[Siemensstadt]] project in Berlin.
[[File:2020-09-24-Vereinfachter-Wiederaufbau-Haus-Gropius-Ebertallee-Bauhaus-Meisterhaeuser-Dessau-Rosslau-1.jpg|thumb|Modern reconstruction of Gropius's house in Dessau which was destroyed during World War II. ]]
Gropius left the Bauhaus in 1928 and moved to Berlin. [[Hannes Meyer]] took over the role of Bauhaus director.<ref>[https://www.bauhaus100.de/en/past/people/directors/walter-gropius/ Bauhaus100. Walter Gropius] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031623/https://www.bauhaus100.de/en/past/people/directors/walter-gropius/ |date=7 February 2017 }} Retrieved 6 February 2017</ref> His work was also part of the [[Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics#Architecture|architecture event]] in the [[Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics|art competition]] at the [[1932 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920626 |title=Walter Gropius |work=Olympedia |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608010332/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920626 |url-status=live }}</ref>