Editing Walla Walla, Washington (section)

===Gold rush and growth===
[[File:Bird's eye view of Walla Walla, Washington Territory 1876. LOC 75696671.jpg|alt=Bird's eye view of Walla Walla, Washington Territory 1876|thumb|upright=1.3|Bird's eye view of Walla Walla, Washington Territory, 1876|left]]

Walla Walla was incorporated on January 11, 1862.<ref>{{cite web |title=City of Walla Walla, Community Information |url=http://www.ci.walla-walla.wa.us/index.asp?Type=B_LIST&SEC={E387D88A-E80E-4B29-83C1-2AF6DED68853} |access-date=February 5, 2013 |publisher=Ci.walla-walla.wa.us}}</ref> The first election was held on April 1, 1862, and Judge [[Elias Bean Whitman]], Marcus Whitman's cousin, was elected as the city's first mayor.<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":15">{{cite web |last=Reed |first=Diane |date=April 29, 2019 |title=The Beginnings of Local and Regional Government |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/the-beginnings-of-local-and-regional-government/article_f0cdcc0c-6ac7-11e9-ad59-933e6ae17b35.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Pickett |first=Susan |date=April 12, 1862 |title=Cousin of Marcus Whitman elected as Walla Walla's first mayor |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/cousin-of-marcus-whitman-elected-as-walla-wallas-first-mayor/article_b565adc1-6ecb-5093-862b-35607fcb0c1f.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=Union-Bulletin.com |language=en}}</ref> The population exploded over the following decade, increasing by 300%, making it the most populous city in the territory, slating it to be the capital until cities surpassed it again, after it was bypassed by the transcontinental rail lines in the 1880s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/351325565 |title=The new encyclopaedia Britannica. |date=2010 |others=Inc Encyclopaedia Britannica |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |edition=15 |location=Chicago, Ill. |oclc=351325565}}</ref><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":14">{{cite web |last=Reed |first=Diane |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Walla Walla and the Gold Rush |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/walla-walla-and-the-gold-rush/article_b5ee1870-6ac8-11e9-aa60-f7ee81680913.html |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref>

During the 1860s, the city established its first businesses and community gathering spaces, a number of which served as the first in Pacific Northwest. The city's first newspaper was one of the first between [[Missouri]] and the [[Cascade Range|Cascades]], the ''[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin|Washington Statesman]]'', was founded in 1861''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 6, 2003 |title=Washington Statesman begins publication in Walla Walla on November 29, 1861. - HistoryLink.org |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/5179 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Evening Statesman (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn88085421/ |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Blethen |first=Rob |date=April 29, 2019 |title=The First Newspaper in Walla Walla |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/the-first-newspaper-in-walla-walla/article_5b1ceaee-6ac7-11e9-9875-1fdf54cbc3fd.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref>'' The first bank, [[Baker Boyer Bank]], was the first in the state, was founded in 1869<ref>{{cite web |last=Becker |first=Paula |date=October 17, 2007 |title=Baker Boyer Bank opens in Walla Walla on November 10, 1869. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8333 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref> by one of the city's first [[Municipal council|council members]],<ref name=":8" /> [[Dorsey Syng Baker]] and his brother-in-law [[John F. Boyer|John Franklin Boyer]],<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=W. W. |date=1923 |title=The Building of the Walla Walla & Columbia River Railroad |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40474681 |journal=The Washington Historical Quarterly |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3–13 |issn=0361-6223 |jstor=40474681}}</ref><ref name=":19" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bentley |first1=Judy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6ikCwAAQBAJ&dq=Baker+Boyer+Bank&pg=PA59 |title=Walking Washington's History: Ten Cities |date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=9780295806679}}</ref> and as of March 2022, still served as the oldest bank in state.<ref>{{cite web |last=White |first=Martha C. |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Oil soars as markets, consumers brace for more volatility |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/crude-oil-ukraine-russia-price-volatility-analysis-rcna18449 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> The Pioneer Meat Market, run by partners John Dooley and William Kirkman, was opened during this time and remained there until they sold it to Christopher Ennis in 1882 and founded the Walla Walla Dressed Meat Company.<ref>{{cite web |last=Monahan |first=Susan |date=March 10, 2017 |title=A cut above the norm: Pioneer Meat Market on Main Street |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/in_times_past/a-cut-above-the-norm-pioneer-meat-market-on-main-street/article_7302af3c-05ba-11e7-87f6-6be514ed659d.html |access-date=March 13, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Robert Allen |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6649756 |title=Walla Walla: Portrait of a Western Town, 1804-1898 |date=June 1, 1980 |publisher=Pioneer Press Books |isbn=0-936546-00-X |location=Walla, Walla, WA |oclc=6649756}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chapter 6 |url=https://www.kirkmanhousemuseum.org/chapter-6 |access-date=March 13, 2022 |website=Kirkmanhousemuseum |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Diane B. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/866922900 |title=Legendary locals of Walla Walla, Washington |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4671-0117-2 |location=Charleston, South Carolina |oclc=866922900}}</ref>

One of the first [[Brickwork|brick buildings]] in the city was also Walla Walla's first store, [[Schwabacher Brothers]] Store on Main street, which served as the city's grocer, builder supply, and clothes shop. Sigmond Schwabacher, one of the brothers, also served in the city's council.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=July 17, 2011 |title=Schwabacher Brothers open store in Walla Walla in the fall of 1860. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9843 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref> The city's first book store was opened in 1864, and an academic community formed around the city's book collection as the Calliopean Society and later incorporated as the Walla Walla Library Association.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=August 24, 2008 |title=The Walla Walla Library Association is incorporated on January 20, 1865. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8729 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Monahan |first=Susan |date=February 12, 2018 |title=How did early Walla Wallans endure winter weather? |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/in_times_past/how-did-early-walla-wallans-endure-winter-weather/article_a7400fbe-102d-11e8-994d-dbe4671bf765.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref> The city also had one of the region's first [[Brewery|breweries]],<ref name="rizzo1908">{{Cite book |last=Rizzo |first=Michael F. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/940922344 |title=Washington beer : a heady history of Evergreen State brewing |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-4671-1908-5 |location=Charleston, SC |oclc=940922344}}</ref> Emil Meyer's City Brewery,<ref name=":9">{{cite web |last=Reed |first=Diane B. |date=August 29, 2021 |title=Brewing up history: Beer has a long tradition in Walla Walla, more famous today for its wine industry |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/brewing-up-history-beer-has-a-long-tradition-in-walla-walla-more-famous-today-for/article_e4db426e-f95c-11eb-bba9-fb386a568f93.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en |issn=2154-6207}}</ref>  that also served as a [[bakery]].<ref name=":1" /> Downtown also hosted a [[post office]], several hotels, restaurants, a [[Public bathing|bathhouse]] and [[Barber|shaving saloon]], a [[liquor store]], a [[Pharmacy (shop)|drugstore]], and several manufactories.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=December 13, 1861 |title=Advertising Section |volume=1 |page=3 |work=[[Washington Statesman|Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |url=https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/images/newspapers/sl_dir_wallawallawashstat/pdf/sl_dir_wallawallawashstat_12131861.pdf |access-date=March 6, 2022 |issn=2768-170X}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite web |last=McIntyre Walker |first=Catie |date=February 28, 2019 |title=Walla Walla, the way it used to be |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/history/walla-walla-the-way-it-used-to-be/article_b98668ae-3b8c-11e9-a925-7fff5c587e74.html |access-date=March 14, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en |issn=2154-6207}}</ref>

During the gold rush, large populations of [[History of Chinese Americans|Chinese]] settlers arrived in the city from [[Portland, Oregon]], creating a neighborhood referred to as "[[Chinatown]]".<ref>{{cite book |author=Walter Nugent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AvI-biS6EsC&q=spokane+chinatown&pg=PA215 |title=Into the West: The Story of Its People |date=December 18, 2007 | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing |isbn=9780307426420}}</ref> The Chinese settlers mainly worked in commerce, mining, and [[Rail transport|railroad]] contracts. After Mullan was unable to lobby the state to make Walla Walla a major railroad stop, and a fire in Chinatown destroyed most of the neighborhood, the immigrants left to find work elsewhere,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hessel |first=Katherine |date=October 16, 2015 |title=Forgotten Chinatown In Walla Walla |url=https://www.yaktrinews.com/forgotten-chinatown-in-walla-walla/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[KVEW]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chin |first=Art |date=March 2, 2012 |title=COMMENTARY: A Shadow of the Past: the Chinese experience in Walla Walla |url=http://nwasianweekly.com/2012/03/commentary-a-shadow-of-the-past-the-chinese-experience-in-walla-walla/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Northwest Asian Weekly]] |language=en-US}}</ref> including [[Eng Ah King]], who was informally known as the "mayor of Chinatown" for revitalizing [[Chinatown–International District, Seattle|Seattle's Chinatown]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lange |first=Greg |date=April 23, 2000 |title=King, Eng Ah (1863-1915) |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/10629 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1-link=Quintard Taylor |last=Taylor |first=Quintard |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/930704151 |title=The forging of a black community : Seattle's Central District, from 1870 through the Civil Rights Era |date=1994 |isbn=978-0-295-80223-7 |location=Seattle |oclc=930704151}}</ref>

In 1886, while Washington was lobbying for statehood, local business man [[Levi Ankeny]] donated 160 acres of land to the city to serve as the site of a new prison. Legislators approved the site, and in 1887, the state began transferring prisoners to the Washington Territorial Prison from [[Saatco Prison]], a privately owned facility that was shut down in 1888 because of its poor living conditions.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |last=Freeman |first=Bob |date=February 7, 2021 |title=A few memorable tales of the history of the Washington State Penitentiary |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/opinion/opinion_columns/a-few-memorable-tales-of-the-history-of-the-washington-state-penitentiary/article_ae7e9cb8-1a80-5f5f-abc6-09922f219eed.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Plog |first=Kari |date=January 22, 2019 |title=Hell on Earth: A forgotten prison that predates McNeil Island |url=https://www.knkx.org/news/2019-01-22/hell-on-earth-a-forgotten-prison-that-predates-mcneil-island |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[KNKX]] |language=en}}</ref> The first inmate was a local, William Murphy, who was serving an 18-year sentence for [[manslaughter]].<ref name=":24"/> There have been many [[prison escape]]s attempted in the prison's history.<ref name=":24">{{cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 6, 2003 |title=First convicts occupy penitentiary at Walla Walla on May 11, 1887. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/5180 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gibson |first=Elizabeth |date=April 26, 2009 |title=Nine die in escape attempt at Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla on February 12, 1934. |url=http://www.historylink.org/file/7650 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 4, 1955 |title=10 CONVICTS FLEE PRISON BY TUNNEL; Felons in Washington State Escape Through Thirty-Foot Passage Dug Under Wall |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/11/04/archives/10-convicts-flee-prison-by-tunnel-felons-in-washington-state-escape.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Nina |date=June 12, 2017 |title=5 of the most daring Washington state inmate escapes |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/law-justice/5-of-the-most-daring-washington-state-inmate-escapes/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[The Seattle Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1887, the prison took in its first woman inmate, and had to improvise accommodations until a separate facility was built nearby.<ref name=":23" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stammen |first=Emma |date=January 1, 2020 |title=Benevolent Feminism and the Gendering of Criminality: Historical and Ideological Constructions of US Women's Prisons |url=https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1508 |journal=Scripps Senior Theses}}</ref> When Washington became a state in 1889, the facility officially became the Washington State Penitentiary, but inmates nicknamed it "The Hill", "The Joint", "The Walls", and "The Pen".<ref name=":23" />