Editing Wakefield (section)

===Industrial Revolution===
[[File:Wakefield Westgate.jpg|thumb|right|Wakefield Westgate {{circa|1900}}]]
At the start of the 19th&nbsp;century Wakefield was a wealthy market town and inland port trading in wool and grain.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=7}}</ref> The [[Aire and Calder Navigation|Aire and Calder]] and [[Calder and Hebble Navigation]]s and the [[Barnsley Canal]] were instrumental in the development of Wakefield as an important market for grain and more was sold here than at any other market in the north. Large warehouses were built on the river banks to store grain from [[Norfolk]], [[Cambridgeshire]] and [[Lincolnshire]] to supply the fast-growing population in the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]]. Great quantities of barley were grown in the neighbourhood and in 1885 more [[malt]] was made in Wakefield "than in any district of equal extent in the kingdom".<ref name="TDE">{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Samuel |title=Wakefield (All Saints) |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51368#s5 |series=A Topographical Dictionary of England |publisher=British History Online |pages=432–436 |year=1848 |access-date=14 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051015/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51368#s5 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The market developed in the streets around the Bull Ring, and the cattle market between George Street and Ings Road grew to be one of the biggest in the country.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=89}}</ref> Road transport using [[Turnpike trust|turnpiked]] roads was important. Regular [[mail coach]]es departed to [[Leeds]], [[London]], Manchester, [[York]] and [[Sheffield]] and the 'Strafford Arms' was an important [[coaching inn]].<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=73}}</ref> The railways arrived in Wakefield in 1840 when [[Wakefield Kirkgate railway station|Kirkgate station]] was built on the [[Manchester and Leeds Railway]].

When cloth dealing declined, wool spinning mills using steam power were built by the river. There was a glass works in Calder Vale Road, several [[Brewery|breweries]] including Melbourne's and Beverley's Eagle Breweries, engineering works with strong links to the mining industry, soapworks and brickyards in Eastmoor, giving the town a diverse economy.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=92}}</ref><ref name="Historic Wakefield 1800-1900"/> Boats and [[sloop]]s were built at yards on the Calder.<ref name="TDE"/> On the outskirts of the town, coal had been dug since the 15th&nbsp;century and 300 men were employed in the town's coal pits in 1831.<ref name="Old Wakefield"/> During the 19th&nbsp;century more mines were sunk so that there were 46&nbsp;small mines in Wakefield and the surrounding area by 1869.<ref name="Historic Wakefield 1800-1900">{{cite web |title=1800–1900 |url=http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/1800-1900.htm |publisher=Wakefield Council |access-date=20 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129095442/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/1800-1900.htm |archive-date=29 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Galloway|1971|p=76}}</ref> The [[National Coal Board]] eventually became Wakefield's largest employer with Manor Colliery on Cross Lane and Park Hill colliery at Eastmoor surviving until 1982.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|pp=80,81}}</ref> Wakefield was also the site of the founding of the [[Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland]], the country's first national trade union for miners, in 1842.<ref>{{cite book |page=9 |title=Industrial Relations in the Coal Industry |first=B. J. |last=McCormick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KSOwCwAAQBAJ&q=the+first+national+union+was+the+miners%27+association+of+great+britain&pg=PP8 |publisher=Springer |date=17 June 1979 |access-date=24 July 2020 |isbn=9781349039463}}</ref>

During the 19th&nbsp;century Wakefield became the administrative centre for the [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]], when many familiar buildings were constructed.<ref name="Taylor 2008 43">{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=43}}</ref> The first civic building in Wood Street, [[Wakefield Court House]], was built in 1810.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=10 }}</ref> The [[Stanley Royd Hospital|West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum]] was built at Stanley Royd, just outside the town on Aberford Road in 1816. During the 19th&nbsp;century, the Wakefield Asylum played a central role in the development of British psychiatry, with [[Henry Maudsley]] and [[James Crichton-Browne]] amongst its medical staff. Most of it is now demolished. The old House of Correction of 1595 was rebuilt as [[Wakefield Prison]] in 1847.<ref name="Prison">{{cite web |title=Prison |url=http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/WakefieldPrison/History/default.htm |access-date=25 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524041735/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/WakefieldPrison/History/default.htm |archive-date=24 May 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wakefield Union workhouse<ref name="workhouses">{{cite web |url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Wakefield/ |title=The Workhouse in Wakefield, Yorkshire, W. Riding |access-date=7 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104025410/http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Wakefield/ |archive-date=4 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> was built on Park Lodge Lane, Eastmoor in 1853 and Clayton Hospital was built in 1854 after a donation from Alderman Thomas Clayton.<ref name="Taylor 2008 43"/> [[Wakefield Mechanics' Institute]] containing an Assembly Room, public library and newsroom supported by subscription was built in Wood Street in 1820–1821 in the [[Classical style]] with [[Ionic order|Ionic]] details. Wakefield Literary Society ran there from 1827 until the 20th&nbsp;century and its Geological Society left artefacts to Wakefield Museum.<ref name="TDE"/>

Up to 1837 Wakefield relied on wells and springs for its water supply; water from the River Calder was polluted, and various water supply schemes were unsuccessful until [[reservoir]]s on the Rishworth Moors and a service reservoir at Ardsley were built providing clean water from 1888.<ref>{{harvnb|Taylor|2008|p=60}}</ref>
By 1885 the streets of the town were paved and flagged and lit with gas supplied by a company incorporated in 1822.<ref name="TDE"/> Between 1870 and 1885 they made improvements on the north side of town around St John's Church now a [[conservation area]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St John's Conservation Area |url=http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E8944333-8A9A-4EF6-918B-07C1E1797E90/0/AppraisalManagementGuidelines_St_Johns.pdf |publisher=Wakefield Council |access-date=14 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626200003/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E8944333-8A9A-4EF6-918B-07C1E1797E90/0/AppraisalManagementGuidelines_St_Johns.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>