Editing Volvo (section)

===Refocusing on heavy vehicles===
[[File:Volvo excavator on construction site, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Długa Street.jpg|thumb|Volvo excavator on construction site in [[Tomaszów Mazowiecki]], Poland]]
In January 1999, Volvo Group sold Volvo Car Corporation to Ford Motor Company for $6.45&nbsp;billion. The division was placed within Ford's [[Premier Automotive Group]] alongside [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]], [[Land Rover]] and [[Aston Martin]]. Volvo engineering resources and components would be used in various Ford, Land Rover and Aston Martin products, with the second generation [[Land Rover Freelander]] designed on the same platform as the second generation Volvo S80. The Volvo T5 petrol engine was used in the [[Ford Focus]] ST and RS performance models, and Volvo's satellite navigation system was used on certain Aston Martin Vanquish, DB9 and V8 Vantage models.<ref name="EvoC30">{{cite magazine | first = John | last = Simister | title = Volvo C30 T5 SE | date = November 2006 | url = http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/203613/volvo_c30_t5_se.html | magazine = [[Evo (magazine)|Evo]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | quote = The T5 petrol engine is almost the same as the one borrowed from Volvo by Ford for the Focus ST... | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023548/http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/203613/volvo_c30_t5_se.html | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ScotsmanAM">{{cite news | title = ASTON'S CLEARER ADVANTAGE | date = 29 November 2013 | url = http://www.scotsman.com/motors/reviews/aston-martin/aston-s-clearer-advantage-1-2655600 | work = [[The Scotsman]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | quote = The optional satellite navigation remains a Volvo-sourced system that is absurdly fiddly. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001804/http://www.scotsman.com/motors/reviews/aston-martin/aston-s-clearer-advantage-1-2655600 | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="EvoLRFree2">{{cite magazine | first = John | last = Simister | title = Land Rover Freelander | date = December 2006 | url = http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/204249/land_rover_freelander.html | magazine = [[Evo (magazine)|Evo]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | quote = But it's good news for the new 'Freelander 2', based on the S-Max/S80/next-Mondeo platform, powered in the top model by a 229bhp Volvo straight-six | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023540/http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/204249/land_rover_freelander.html | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> In November 1999, Volvo Group purchased a 5% stake in Mitsubishi Motors, as part of a partnership deal for the truck and bus business.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1999/10/09/bus_272243.shtml#.WVIclra1tqM |title=Mitsubishi Motors announces alliance with Volvo |work=The Augusta Chronicle |date=10 October 1999 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163334/http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1999/10/09/bus_272243.shtml#.WVIclra1tqM |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In 2001, after [[DaimlerChrysler]] bought a large Mitsubishi Motors stake,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB982191070342881299 |last=Miller |first=Scott |title=Volvo Might Sell Its Mitsubishi Stake Because of Daimler's Control of Firm |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 February 2001 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163019/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB982191070342881299 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Volvo sold its shares to the former.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/minekonomi/article10205767.ab |title=Volvo säljer sitt innehav i Mitsubishi |language=sv |work=Aftonbladet |date=11 April 2001 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163331/https://www.aftonbladet.se/minekonomi/article10205767.ab |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

[[Renault Trucks|Renault Véhicules Industriels]] (which included [[Mack Trucks]], but not Renault's stake in [[Iveco Bus|Irisbus]]) was sold to Volvo during January 2001, and Volvo renamed it Renault Trucks in 2002. Renault became AB Volvo's biggest shareholder, with a 19.9% stake (in shares and voting rights) as part of the deal.<ref name="VolvoPR2001">{{cite web | url = http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/2001/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=23665&News.Language=en-gb | title = AB VOLVO TRANSFER REMAINING SHARES TO RENAULT S.A | access-date = 29 November 2013 | date = 9 February 2001 | publisher = Volvo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015842/http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/2001/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=23665&News.Language=en-gb | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Renault increased its shareholding to 21.7% by 2010.<ref name="VolvoRenTel2010">{{cite news | title = Renault raises €3bn with part-sale of Volvo stake | date = 7 October 2010 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/8048140/Renault-raises-3bn-with-part-sale-of-Volvo-stake.html | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213838/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/8048140/Renault-raises-3bn-with-part-sale-of-Volvo-stake.html | archive-date = 4 January 2014 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

AB Volvo acquired 13% of the shares in the Japanese truck manufacturer [[UD Trucks|Nissan Diesel]] (later renamed UD Trucks) from [[Nissan]] (part of the [[Renault-Nissan Alliance]]) during 2006, becoming a major shareholder. Volvo Group took complete ownership of Nissan Diesel in 2007 to extend its presence in the Asian Pacific market.<ref name="volvo.com"/><ref name="BBCNissan2007">{{cite news | title = Volvo in $1.1bn Nissan purchase | date = 20 February 2007 | publisher = [[BBC]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6377751.stm | work = BBC News | access-date = 29 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070319014912/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6377751.stm | archive-date = 19 March 2007 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Renault sold 14.9% of their stake in AB Volvo in October 2010 (comprising 14.9% of the share capital and 3.8% of the voting rights) for €3.02 billion. This share sale left Renault with around 17.5% of Volvo's voting rights.<ref name="VolvoRenTel2010"/> Renault sold their remaining shares in December 2012 (comprising 6.5% of the share capital and 17.2% of the voting rights at the time of transaction) for €1.6 billion, leaving Swedish industrial investment group {{ill|Aktiebolaget Industrivärden|sv|Industrivärden|vertical-align=sup}} as the largest shareholder, with 6.2% of the share capital and 18.7% of the voting rights.<ref name="WSJ2012">{{cite news | first = David | last = Pearson | title = Renault to Sell Rest of Its Volvo Stake | date = 12 December 2012 | url = https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323981504578175493034701024 | work = The Wall Street Journal | access-date = 29 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131204132054/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323981504578175493034701024 | archive-date = 4 December 2013 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="IVG2012">{{cite web | url = http://www.industrivarden.se/en/Press/Press-Releases/2012/Industrivarden-strengthens-its-ownership-position-in-Volvo/ | title = Industrivärden strengthens its ownership position in Volvo | access-date = 29 November 2013 | date = 13 December 2012 | work = Industrivärden | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003614/http://www.industrivarden.se/en/Press/Press-Releases/2012/Industrivarden-strengthens-its-ownership-position-in-Volvo/ | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> That same year, Volvo sold Volvo Aero to the British company [[GKN]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jul/05/gkn-shares-soar-buys-volvos-aircraft-engine-business |title=GKN's shares soar as it buys Volvo's aircraft engine business |work=The Guardian |date=5 July 2012 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092116/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jul/05/gkn-shares-soar-buys-volvos-aircraft-engine-business |archive-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In 2017 Volvo Cars owner [[Geely]] became the largest Volvo shareholder by number of shares after acquiring an 8.2% stake, displacing Industrivärden. Industrivärden kept more voting rights than Geely (Geely getting a 15.8%).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1EL0E6 |title=China's Geely turns to Volvo trucks in latest Swedish venture |work=Reuters |date=27 December 2017 |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092115/https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1EL0E6 |archive-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In December 2013, Volvo sold its [[BlueLine Rental|Volvo Construction Equipment Rents]] division to [[Platinum Equity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/spleverage/2014/02/12/despite-raising-eyebrows-blueline-prices-252m-pik-toggle-high-yield-bond-deal/#1ca704a012a7 |last=Fuller |first=Matthew |title=Despite Raising Eyebrows, BlueLine Prices $252M PIK Toggle High Yield Bond Deal |work=Forbes |date=12 February 2014 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413044155/https://www.forbes.com/sites/spleverage/2014/02/12/despite-raising-eyebrows-blueline-prices-252m-pik-toggle-high-yield-bond-deal/#1ca704a012a7 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In November 2016, Volvo announced its intention of divesting its Government Sales division, made up mainly of Renault Trucks' Renault Trucks Defense but also of [[Panhard]], [[ACMAT]], [[Mack Trucks|Mack Defense]] in the United States, and Volvo Defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/articles/volvo-begins-sales-process-of-rtd-with-no-timetable |title=Volvo Launches RTD Sale, No Timetable |author=Tran, Pierre |work=Defense News |publisher=Sightline Media Group |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=14 June 2017}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The project for selling the division was later abandoned and, in May 2018, Volvo reorganized Renault Trucks Defense and renamed it Arquus.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/armement-terrestre-renault-trucks-defense-volvo-devient-arquus.N697694 |trans-title=Ground army: Renault Trucks Defense (Volvo) becomes Arquus |author=Altmeyer, Cyril |title=Armament terrestre: Renault Trucks Defense (Volvo) devient Arquus |language=fr |journal=L'Usine Nouvelle |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401005537/https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/armement-terrestre-renault-trucks-defense-volvo-devient-arquus.N697694 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In December 2018, Volvo announced it intended to sell a 75.1% controlling stake of its car [[telematics]] subsidiary WirelessCar to [[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen]] with the aim of focusing on telematics for commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volvo Group To Divest 75.1% Of Shares In WirelessCar Unit To Volkswagen |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/volvo-group-to-divest-75-1-of-shares-in-wirelesscar-unit-to-volkswagen-1027820935 |work=Markets Insider |date=19 December 2018 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401005537/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/volvo-group-to-divest-75-1-of-shares-in-wirelesscar-unit-to-volkswagen-1027820935 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The sale was completed in March 2019.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Volvo Group has completed the sale of shares in WirelessCar |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2019/mar/news-3252243.html |publisher=Volvo |date=29 March 2019 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401005539/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2019/mar/news-3252243.html |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In December 2019, Volvo and [[Isuzu]] announced their intention of forming a [[strategic alliance]] on commercial vehicles. As part of the agreement, Volvo would sell UD Trucks to Isuzu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isuzu tackles emerging rivals and R&D costs with Volvo tie-up |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobile/Isuzu-tackles-emerging-rivals-and-R-D-costs-with-Volvo-tie-up2 |work=Nikkei Asian Review |date=20 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |last1=Okada |first1=Emi |last2=Yamada |first2=Kohei |last3=Fukao |first3=Kosei |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220095844/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobile/Isuzu-tackles-emerging-rivals-and-R-D-costs-with-Volvo-tie-up2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The "final agreements" for the alliance were signed in October 2020, with UD Trucks sale pending on regulatory clearances.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2020/oct/news-3815893.html |title=Volvo Group and Isuzu Motors sign final agreements to form strategic alliance |publisher=Volvo |date=30 October 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116220708/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2020/oct/news-3815893.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The sale was completed in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Volvo Group and Isuzu Motors complete UD Trucks transaction as part of the strategic alliance|url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2021/apr/news-3935150.html|access-date=1 April 2021|website=www.volvogroup.com|language=English|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401060924/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2021/apr/news-3935150.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the early 2020s, Volvo partnered with other manufacturers to deploy infrastructure for non-[[hydrocarbon]] energies. In April 2020, Volvo and [[Daimler AG|Daimler]] (later [[Daimler Truck]]) announced that the former planned to acquire half of Daimler's [[fuel cell]] business, forming a joint venture between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volvo buying half of Daimler's fuel cell activities as firms form venture |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/volvo-buying-half-of-daimlers-fuel-cell-activities-as-firms-form-venture-2020-04-21 |work=MarketWatch |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=21 April 2020 |last=Goldstein |first=Steve |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522143214/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/volvo-buying-half-of-daimlers-fuel-cell-activities-as-firms-form-venture-2020-04-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2021, the fuel cell business was reorganised as a joint venture called Cellcentric.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daimler, Volvo seek huge cuts in hydrogen fuel cell costs by 2027 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/daimler-volvo-plan-hydrogen-fuel-cell-production-europe-2025-2021-04-29/ |last=Carey |first=Nick |date=29 April 2021 |access-date=26 February 2023 |publisher=Reuters |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226142255/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/daimler-volvo-plan-hydrogen-fuel-cell-production-europe-2025-2021-04-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2021, Volvo, Daimler Truck, and [[Traton]] agreed to the formation of an equally owned joint venture aimed to build an [[electric vehicle charging network]] for heavy vehicles in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Volvo, Daimler and Traton agree on JV charging network for trucks |url=https://insideevs.com/news/555418/volvo-daimler-traton-jv-charging/ |last=Kane |first=Mark |date=19 December 2021 |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=InsideEVs |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226142300/https://insideevs.com/news/555418/volvo-daimler-traton-jv-charging/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2022, the joint venture (called Commercial Vehicle Charging Europe) began operations under the [[trade name]] Milence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Milence charging network accelerates Europe's shift to fossil-free road transport |url=https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/innovation/milence-charging-network-accelerates-europes-shift-to-fossil-free-road-transport/ |date=8 December 2022 |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=UK Haulier |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226142257/https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/innovation/milence-charging-network-accelerates-europes-shift-to-fossil-free-road-transport/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2021, Volvo announced that it had signed up a new partnership with steel manufacturer [[SSAB]] to develop fossil fuel-free steel for future use in Volvo's vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Volvo investigates fossil fuel-free steel collaboration with SSAB|url=https://www.ssab.com/news/2021/04/volvo-group-and-ssab-to-collaborate-on-the-worlds-first-vehicles-of-fossilfree-steel|url-status=live|access-date=25 June 2021|website=SSAB|language=en|archive-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730230536/https://www.ssab.com/news/2021/04/volvo-group-and-ssab-to-collaborate-on-the-worlds-first-vehicles-of-fossilfree-steel}}</ref> The partnership is derived from SSAB's own green steel venture, HYBRIT.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2021|title=Volvo Cars to test fossil-free steel from SSAB's HYBRIT venture|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volvo-cars-test-fossil-free-steel-ssabs-hybrit-venture-2021-06-16/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=Reuters|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625151310/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volvo-cars-test-fossil-free-steel-ssabs-hybrit-venture-2021-06-16/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2023, Volvo acquired [[Proterra (bus manufacturer)|Proterra]]'s battery business for US$210 million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2023 |title=Truckmaker Volvo to buy Proterra's battery business for $210 mln |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/truckmaker-volvo-buy-proterras-battery-business-210-mln-2023-11-10/ |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

Volvo has announced that it is developing [[Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle|trucks with combustion engines]] that run on hydrogen. Commercial tests will begin in early 2026.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.farms.com/service-truck-magazine/2024/aug-sep/24/ | title=Service Truck Magazine &#124; Aug Sept 2024 }}</ref>