Editing Viceroy (section)

==Portuguese Empire==
===India===
From 1505 to 1896 [[Portuguese India]]&nbsp;– including, until 1752, all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean, from southern Africa to Southeast Asia and Australasia&nbsp;&ndash; was governed alternatively by either a viceroy (Portuguese ''vice-rei'') or governor and commission located in the capital of [[Goa]]. The government started seven years after the discovery of sea route to India by [[Vasco da Gama]], in 1505, under the first viceroy, [[Francisco de Almeida]] (b.1450–d.1510). Initially, King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] tried to distribute power with three governors in different areas of jurisdiction: a government covering the area and possessions in East Africa, [[Arabian Peninsula]] and [[Persian Gulf]], overseeing up to [[Cambay State|Cambay]] (Gujarat); a second one ruling the possessions in [[India]] (Hindustan) and [[Ceylon]]; and a third one from [[Malacca]] to the Far East.<ref>''O Secretário dos despachos e coisas da Índia pero d´Alcáçova Carneiro'', p.65, Maria Cecília Costa Veiga de Albuquerque Ramos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2009 (In Portuguese) <http://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/3387/1/ulfl080844_tm.pdf></ref> However, Governor [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] (1509–1515) centralized the post into a plenipotentiary office, which it remained after his tenure. The typical duration in office was usually three years, although powerful viceroys might extend their tenure; of the thirty-four governors of India in the 16th century, only six had longer mandates.<ref>Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius (1977), "Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580", p.323-325, Minneapolis: [[University of Minnesota Press]]. David Tan {{ISBN|0-8166-0782-6}}.</ref>
*[[List of governors of Portuguese India]] (1505–1961)

===Portugal===
During some periods of the [[Iberian Union]], between 1580 and 1640, the [[king of Spain]], who was also [[king of Portugal]], appointed [[List of viceroys of Portugal|viceroys to govern Portugal itself]], as the king had multiple realms throughout Europe and delegated his powers to various viceroys.

===Brazil===
{{Further|Colonial Brazil|Portuguese colonization of the Americas}}
After the end of the [[Iberian Union]] in 1640, the governors of [[colonial Brazil|Brazil]] that were members of the Portuguese high nobility started to use the title of Viceroy.<ref>A. J. R. Russell-Wood,[https://books.google.com/books?id=JTVH7PZU1hUC&dq=Portuguese+Viceroy%2C+Governor&pg=RA1-PA66 "The Portuguese empire, 1415–1808: a world on the move"], p. 66, JHU Press, 1998, {{ISBN|0-8018-5955-7}}</ref> Brazil became a permanent [[Viceroyalty]] in 1763, when the capital of the [[State of Brazil]] (''Estado do Brasil'') was transferred from [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] to [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>Boris Fausto, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HJdaM325m8IC&dq=Viceroyalty+of+Brazil+1763&pg=PA50 "A concise history of Brazil"], p.50, [[Cambridge University Press]], 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-56526-X}}</ref>