Editing Vegetarianism (section)

==Varieties==
[[File:Vegan Gardein Tofu Foods Display (cropped1).jpg|thumb|right|A variety of [[Veganism|vegan]] and vegetarian [[Delicatessen|deli]] [[food]]s]]
[[File:Veggie burger miikkahoo flickr creative commons.jpg|thumb|right|A vegetarian hamburger with potato slices]] 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Comparison of the main vegetarian diets
! !! [[Meat]] !! [[Egg (food)|Eggs]] !! [[Dairy product|Dairy]]
|-
! [[Ovo vegetarianism]]
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
! [[Lacto-ovo vegetarianism]]
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
! [[Lacto vegetarianism]]
| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
! [[Vegan]] diet
| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
|}

There are a number of vegetarian diets that exclude or include various foods:

* [[Fruitarianism]] permits only fruit, nuts, seeds, and other plant matter that can be gathered without harming the plant.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.andjrnl.org/article/S0002-8223(09)00700-7/fulltext|title=Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets|journal=Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics|volume=109|issue=7|pages=1266–1282|doi=10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.027|date=July 2009|access-date=January 6, 2016|pmid=19562864|vauthors=Craig WJ, Mangels AR|s2cid=7906168|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728114525/https://jandonline.org/article/S0002-8223%2809%2900700-7/fulltext|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Macrobiotic diet]]s consist mostly of [[whole grain]]s and [[bean]]s.
* [[Lacto vegetarianism]] includes dairy products but not eggs.
* [[Ovo vegetarianism]] includes eggs but not dairy products.
* [[Lacto-ovo vegetarianism]] (or ovo-lacto vegetarianism) includes animal products such as eggs, milk, and honey.
* [[Sattvic diet]] (also known as yogic diet), a [[plant-based diet]] which may also include dairy and honey, but excludes eggs, [[Lentil|red lentils]], [[durian]], mushrooms, ''[[allium]]s'', [[blue cheese]]s, fermented foods or sauces, and alcoholic drinks. Coffee, [[Tea|black or green tea]], [[chocolate]], [[nutmeg]], and any other type of stimulant (including excessively [[Pungency|pungent]] spices) are sometimes excluded, as well.
* [[Veganism]] excludes all animal flesh and by-products, such as eggs, milk, honey,<ref name="Slate">{{cite web|url=https://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2008/07/the_great_vegan_honey_debate.html|title=The Great Vegan Honey Debate: Is honey the dairy of the insect world?|last=Engber|first=Daniel|date=July 30, 2008|website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309213633/https://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2008/07/the_great_vegan_honey_debate.html|archive-date=March 9, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref> [[edible bird's nest]] and items refined or manufactured through any such product, such as animal-tested [[baking soda]] or white sugar refined with [[bone char]].
** [[Raw foodism#Raw veganism|Raw veganism]] includes only fresh and uncooked fruit, nuts, seeds, and vegetables. Food must not be heated above {{Convert|118|F}} to be considered "raw". Usually, raw vegan food is only ever "cooked" with a [[food dehydrator]] at low temperatures.

{{Comparison of special diets}}

Within the "[[wikt:ovo-|ovo-]]" groups, there are many who refuse to consume fertilized [[egg]]s (with [[Balut (food)|balut]] being an extreme example); however, such distinction is typically not specifically addressed.

Some vegetarians also avoid products that may use animal ingredients not included in their labels or which use animal products in their manufacturing. For example, sugars that are whitened with [[bone char]], cheeses that use animal [[rennet]] ([[enzyme]]s from animal stomach lining), gelatin (derived from the [[collagen]] inside animals' skin, bones, and [[connective tissue]]), some [[Sugarcane|cane sugar]] (but not [[Sugar beet|beet sugar]]) and beverages (such as apple juice and alcohol) clarified with gelatin or crushed shellfish and [[sturgeon]], while other vegetarians are unaware of, or do not mind, such ingredients.<ref name="navs-online.org"/><ref name="vegsoc.org2"/><ref name=vrg.org/> In the 21st century, 90% of rennet and [[chymosin]] used in cheesemaking are derived from industrial [[fermentation]] processes, which satisfy both [[kosher foods|kosher]] and [[Islamic dietary laws|halal]] requirements.<ref name="johnson2017">{{cite journal | last=Johnson | first=M.E. | title=A 100-Year Review: Cheese production and quality | journal=Journal of Dairy Science | volume=100 | issue=12 | year=2017 | issn=0022-0302 | doi=10.3168/jds.2017-12979 | pages=9952–9965|pmid=29153182|url=https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(17)31054-8/fulltext| doi-access=free }}</ref>

Individuals sometimes label themselves "vegetarian" while practicing a [[Flexitarianism|semi-vegetarian]] diet,<ref name="Barr">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barr SI, Chapman GE | title = Perceptions and practices of self-defined current vegetarian and nonvegetarian women| journal = Journal of the American Dietetic Association | volume = 102 | issue = 3 | pages = 354–360 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11902368 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90083-0 }}</ref><ref name=newsweek.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/vegetarians-who-eat-meat-75433|title=Vegetarians Who Eat Meat|last=Yabroff|first=Jennie|date=December 30, 2009|website=[[Newsweek]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319023944/http://www.newsweek.com/vegetarians-who-eat-meat-75433|archive-date=March 19, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref><!--NOTE: Older archived copies state the title as "No More Sacred Cows" and date as December 31, 2009, consistent with old citation this replaced. The retitling is common, but the date change seems like a typo by Newsweek. Regardless, data from the most updated live and archive copies were used. If either the title or date are changed, an appropriate archived copy with that data should replace this archived copy, with url-status=dead. Original link: http://www.newsweek.com/id/228720 --><ref>Gale, Catharine R. et al. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000531/http://www.edu-lib.us/bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/bmj.39030.675069.55v1?hrss=1 "IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood: 1970 British cohort study"]}}, ''British Medial Journal'', December 15, 2006, vol 333, issue 7581, p. 245.</ref> as some dictionary definitions describe vegetarianism as sometimes including the consumption of fish,<ref name="Shorter Oxford">[[Shorter Oxford English Dictionary]] (2002 and 2007) defines "vegetarian" (noun) as "A person who on principle abstains from animal food; ''esp.'' one who avoids meat but will eat dairy produce and eggs and sometimes also fish ([[cf.]] VEGAN ''noun'')."</ref> or only include [[mammal]]ian flesh as part of their definition of meat,<ref name="Shorter Oxford"/><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|title=Meat|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meat|access-date=March 18, 2018|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319025828/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meat|archive-date=March 19, 2018|url-status=live|quote=Definition of meat [2a]: 2b; ''also'': flesh of a mammal as opposed to fowl or fish}}</ref> while other definitions exclude fish and all animal flesh.<ref name="Vegsoc.org, fish">{{cite web|url=https://www.vegsoc.org/fish|title=Vegetarians don't eat fish, shellfish or crustacea, but they can still enjoy one of the healthiest diets available|publisher=Vegetarian Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113323/https://www.vegsoc.org/fish|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=March 18, 2018|quote=Many things have changed since the Vegetarian Society was founded way back in 1847, but fish have always been cold-blooded water dwelling animals and vegetarians do not eat animals.}}</ref> In other cases, individuals may describe themselves as "flexitarian".<ref name=newsweek.com/><ref name="americandialect.org">{{Cite news|date=January 13, 2004|title=2003 Words of the Year|url=https://www.americandialect.org/2003_words_of_the_year|url-status=live|publisher=[[American Dialect Society]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319030627/https://www.americandialect.org/2003_words_of_the_year|archive-date=March 19, 2018|access-date=March 18, 2018|quote='''Most Useful''': word or phrase which most fills a need for a new word – ''Winner '''flexitarian''': noun, a vegetarian who occasionally eats meat. 31–41''}}</ref>
These diets may be followed by those who reduce animal flesh consumed as a way of transitioning to a complete vegetarian diet or for health, ethical, environmental, or other reasons. Semi-vegetarian diets include:
* [[Pescetarianism]], which includes fish and possibly other forms of seafood.
* [[Pollotarianism]], which includes chicken and possibly other poultry.

Semi-vegetarianism is contested by vegetarian groups, such as the [[Vegetarian Society]], which states that vegetarianism excludes all animal flesh.<ref name="Vegsoc.org, fish"/>

Consumption of eggs is not considered to be a part of a vegetarian diet in India, as egg is an animal product that gives birth to the next generation of the relevant species.