Editing Uzbeks (section)

===Paternal haplogroups===
Based on the research of several studies, the [[Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup|paternal lineages]] of Uzbeks have been described:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Joo-Yup |title=A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples |journal=Inner Asia |date=18 October 2017 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=218–219 |doi=10.1163/22105018-12340089 |issn=2210-5018|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* '''[[Haplogroup R1a]]1''', a West Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 17-32% among Uzbek men, making it the predominant Y-DNA lineage among Uzbeks.<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|2017|p=219|ps=: "See Wells et al. (2001: 10245, table 1: M17, M130, M46, M172, M175 and 122, and M48 correspond to haplogroups R1a1, C2, N1c1, J, O, and C2b1b1, respectively); Zerjal et al. (2002: 474,
table 3: haplogroups 3, 9, 10, 13, 16, and 36 correspond to haplogroups R1a1, J, C2, O3, N1c1,
and C2b1b1, respectively); Haber et al. (2012: table S4). According to another recent survey,
the Uzbeks of Afghanistan exhibit R1a1 (29%), J (18%), Q (8.6%), C (4%), N (4%), R1b1a1a1
(3%), R2 (3%) and O (2.3%): see Di Cristofaro et al. (2013: figure S7).}}</ref> It is unclear if this haplogroup in Uzbeks came from local Bronze Age Indo-European pastoralists, or if it originates from Turkic migrants, because despite being considered a diagnostic Indo-Iranian haplogroup, it occurs at a high frequency among Turkic males from Siberia.{{sfn|Lee|2017|p=216}}<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|2017|pp=218–219|ps=: "As to haplogroup R1a1 among the modern-day Uzbeks and Xinjiang Uighurs, the extent to which it originated from the Bronze Age Indo-European pastoralists and from the Turkic and Turkicized Inner Asian nomadic groups, respectively,  remains open to speculation." ... "The modern Uzbeks, who also descend from the ancient Indo-European (Iranic) populations and various Inner Asian nomadic peoples (Golden 1992: 407), including the Shibanid Uzbeks, exhibit a set of haplogroups similar to those of the Xinjiang Uighurs: R1a1 (17.6~32%), J (5.9~21.4%), C2 (7~18%, 41.2%), O3 (0~12%) and N (0~5.9%)."}}</ref>
* '''[[Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup J]]''', a West Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 5.9–21.4% in Uzbek males. This haplogroup has been present in the Middle East for tens of thousands of years.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvnb|Lee|2017|pp=218–219|ps=: "Haplogroup J is a patrilineal lineage originating in the Middle East and probably reached Central Asia with Neolithic farmers from the Middle East.  Haplogroups O3, C2, and N were in all likelihood  brought to Transoxiana by various Turkic and Mongolic peoples."}}</ref>
* '''[[Haplogroup C-M217|Haplogroup C2]]''', an East Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 4–18% among Uzbek men. In one sample from Afghanistan, 41.2% of Uzbek men carried this haplogroup. Lee & Kuang posit that the males in this sample are descended from the nomadic Uzbeks of the Qipchaq steppe. It is likely that haplogroup C2 was brought to the middle east by Turkic or [[Mongolic peoples|Mongolic]] peoples, along with minor Uzbek haplogroups O3 and N.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{harvnb|Lee|2017|p=219|ps=: "This high frequency of C2 is found among an Uzbek group residing in Afghanistan. We  are inclined to think that this group is descended from the nomadic Uzbeks from the  Qipchaq Steppe (Haber et al. 2012: table S4)."}}</ref>