Editing Uvular consonant (section)

== Uvular rhotics ==

The uvular [[Trill consonant|trill]] {{IPA|[ʀ]}} is used in certain [[dialect]]s (especially those associated with European capitals) of [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], as well as sometimes in [[Modern Hebrew]], for the [[Rhotic consonant|rhotic]] phoneme. In many of these it has a uvular fricative (either [[voiced uvular fricative|voiced]] {{IPA|[ʁ]}} or [[voiceless uvular fricative|voiceless]] {{IPA|[χ]}}) as an [[allophone]] when it follows one of the [[voiceless]] [[stop consonant|stop]]s {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}}, or {{IPA|/k/}} at the end of a word, as in the French example ''[[wikt:maître|maître]]'' {{IPA|[mɛtχ]}}, or even a [[uvular approximant]] [ʁ̞].

As with most trills, uvular trills are often reduced to a single contact, especially between vowels.

Unlike other uvular consonants, the uvular trill is articulated without a retraction of the tongue, and therefore doesn't lower neighboring high vowels the way uvular stops commonly do.

Several other languages, including [[Inuktitut]], [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] and some [[varieties of Arabic]], have a voiced uvular fricative but do not treat it as a [[rhotic consonant]]. However, Modern Hebrew and some modern varieties of Arabic also both have at least one uvular fricative that is considered non-rhotic, and one that is considered rhotic.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In [[Lakota language|Lakhota]] the uvular trill is an allophone of the voiced uvular fricative before {{IPA|/i/}}.