Editing Utterance (section)

==Bakhtin's theory of utterance==
According to philosopher  [[Mikhail Bakhtin]], there are four accepted properties that utterances should have:
* '''Boundaries''' – All utterances must be bounded by a "change of speech subject". This usually means, as previously mentioned, that they are bounded by silence. 
* '''Responsivity or dialogicity''' – The utterance must be either responding/following a previous utterance or generating dialogue.
* '''Finalization''' – An utterance must have a clear ending, and only occurs if the speaker has said everything he or she wishes to say.
* '''Generic form''' – The choice of the speech genre is determined based on the specific circumstances and sphere in which the dialogue occurs.

Bakhtin also emphasizes that an utterance and a [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] are not the same thing. According to Bakhtin, sentences do not indicate a change of speech subject, and thus do not automatically satisfy one of the four properties of utterances. According to him, the sentence as a language unit is grammatical in nature, while an utterance is "ethical".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jds/Bakhtin%20utterance.htm |title=Utterance |access-date=2014-03-14 |archive-date=2014-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730201634/http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jds/Bakhtin%20utterance.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=May 2021|}}