Editing Uruk (section)

===Early Dynastic, Akkadian, Ur III, and Old Babylonian period===
[[File:Uruk3000BCE.jpg|thumb|right|Clay impression of a cylinder seal with monstrous lions and lion-headed eagles, Mesopotamia, Uruk Period (4100 BCE–3000 BCE). Louvre Museum]]
[[File:Limestone foundation peg of Lugal-kisal-si, from Uruk, Iraq. C. 2380 BCE. Pergamon Museum.jpg|thumb|left|Foundation peg of [[Lugal-kisal-si]], king of Uruk, Ur and Kish, circa 2380 BCE. The inscription reads "For (goddess) [[Nammu|Namma]], wife of (the god) [[Anu|An]], Lugalkisalsi, King of Uruk, King of Ur, erected this temple of Namma". [[Pergamon Museum]] VA 4855<ref name="Nissen2003" />]]
[[File:Tablet of Sin-Gamil of Uruk.jpg|thumb|Dedication tablet of [[Sîn-gāmil]], ruler of Uruk, 18th century BCE.]]
Dynastic categorizations are described solely from the [[Sumerian King List]], which is of problematic historical accuracy;<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kesecker|first=Nshan|title=Lugalzagesi: The First Emperor of Mesopotamia?|url=https://www.academia.edu/38693392|journal=ARAMAZD Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies|date=January 2018|volume=12 |pages=76–96 |doi=10.32028/ajnes.v12i1.893 |s2cid=257461809}}</ref><ref>Marchesi, Gianni, "The Sumerian King List and the early history of Mesopotamia", ''Vicino Oriente Quaderno'', pp. 231–248, 2010</ref> the organization might be analogous to [[Manetho|Manetho's]].

In 2009, two different copies of an inscription were put forth as evidence of a 19th-century BCE ruler of Uruk named Naram-sin.<ref name="Dassow2009" >Eva von Dassow, "Narām-Sîn of Uruk: A New King in an Old Shoebox", ''Journal of Cuneiform Studies'', vol. 61, pp. 63–91, 2009</ref>

Uruk continued as principality of Ur, Babylon, and later Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian Empires. It enjoyed brief periods of independence during the Isin-Larsa period, under kings such as (possibly [[Ikūn-pî-Ištar]], Sumu-binasa, Alila-hadum, and Naram-Sin), [[Sîn-kāšid]], his son Sîn-irībam, his son Sîn-gāmil, Ilum-gāmil, brother of [[Sîn-gāmil]], Etēia, [[An-am|AN-am<sub>3</sub>]] (Dingiram), ÌR<sub>3</sub>-ne-ne ([[Irdanene]]), who was defeated by [[Rim-Sin I|Rīm-Sîn I]] of Larsa in his year 14 (c. 1740&nbsp;BCE), [[Rîm-Anum]] and Nabi-ilīšu.<ref name="Frayne1990" /><ref name="Dassow2009" /><ref>Rients de Boer, "Beginnings of Old Babylonian Babylon: Sumu-Abum and Sumu-La-El", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 70, pp. 53–86, 2018</ref><ref>Seri, Andrea, "The archive of the house of prisoners and political history", The House of Prisoners: Slavery and State in Uruk during the Revolt against Samsu-iluna, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 20-54, 2013</ref><ref name="Tyborowski2012" >Witold Tyborowski, "New Tablets from Kisurra and the Chronology of Central Babylonia in the Early Old Babylonian Period", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 102, iss. 2, pp. 245–269, 2012, ISSN 0084-5299</ref>

It is known that during the time of Ilum-gāmil a temple was built for the god [[Iškur]] (HAD) based on a clay cone inscription reading "For the god Iškur, lord, fearsome splendour of heaven and  earth, his lord, for the life of Ilum-gāmil, king of Uruk, son of Sîn-irībam, Ubar-Adad, his  servant, son of Apil-Kubi, built the Esaggianidu, ('House  — whose closing is good'), the residence of his office of en, and thereby  made  it truly befitting his own li[fe]".<ref name="Frayne1990" >Frayne, Douglas, "Uruk", Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 439-483, 1990</ref>