Editing Urbanization (section)

==Economic effects==
[[File:Crowded BTS Asok Station.jpg|thumb|A crowded [[BTS Skytrain|BTS Station]] during the rush hour in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]]]
[[File:Gross domestic product per capita and level of urbanization.svg|thumb|Gross domestic product per capita and level of urbanization]]
As cities develop, costs will skyrocket. This often takes the [[working class]] out of the market, including officials and employees of the local districts. For example, [[Eric Hobsbawm]]'s book ''The age of revolution: 1789–1848'' (published 1962 and 2005) chapter 11, stated "Urban development in our period was a gigantic process of class segregation, which pushed the new labouring poor into great morasses of misery outside the centres of government, business, and the newly specialized residential areas of the bourgeoisie. The almost universal European division into a 'good' west end and a 'poor' east end of large cities developed in this period." This is probably caused by the south-west wind which carries coal smoke and other pollutants down, making the western edges of towns better than the eastern ones.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/may/12/blowing-wind-cities-poor-east-ends|title=Blowing in the wind: why do so many cities have poor east ends?|first=Leo|last=Benedictus|date=12 May 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=12 May 2017|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512081628/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/may/12/blowing-wind-cities-poor-east-ends|url-status=live}}</ref>

Similar problems now affect less developed countries, as rapid development of cities makes inequality worse. The drive to grow quickly and be efficient can lead to less fair urban development. Think tanks such as the [[Overseas Development Institute]] have proposed policies that encourage labour-intensive to make use of the migration of less skilled workers.<ref>Grant, Ursula (2008) [http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=1969&title=opportunity-exploitation-urban-labour-markets Opportunity and exploitation in urban labour markets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918135852/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=1969&title=opportunity-exploitation-urban-labour-markets |date=18 September 2012 }} London: [[Overseas Development Institute]]</ref> One problem these migrant workers are involved with is the growth of [[slums]]. In many cases, the rural-urban unskilled migrant workers are attracted by economic opportunities in cities. Unfortunately, they cannot find a job and or pay for houses in urban areas and have to live in slums.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Todaro |first=Michael P. |title=A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries |journal=The American Economic Review |year=1969 |volume=59 |issue=1 |page=148}}</ref>

Urban problems, along with developments in their facilities, are also fuelling suburb development trends in less developed nations, though the trend for core cities in said nations tends to continue to become ever denser. Development of cities is often viewed negatively, but there are positives in cutting down on transport costs, creating new job opportunities, providing education and housing, and transportation. Living in cities permits individuals and families to make use of their closeness to workplaces and diversity.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Glaeser, Edward|title=Are Cities Dying? |journal=The Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=12 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1998 |pages=139–60 |doi=10.1257/jep.12.2.139|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="brand">{{cite web |url=http://web.me.com/stewartbrand/DISCIPLINE_footnotes/2_-_City_Planet.html |title=Whole Earth Discipline – annotated extract |author=Brand, Stewart |access-date=29 November 2009 |archive-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115003006/http://web.me.com/stewartbrand/DISCIPLINE_footnotes/2_-_City_Planet.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1177/089124249701100101 |title=Neighborhood Initiative and the Regional Economy| journal = Economic Development Quarterly| volume = 11| pages = 3–10| year = 1997| last1 = Nowak | first1 = J.|s2cid=154678238}}</ref><ref>Using the Gall-Peters Projection it is estimated that come 2015 the worlds urban population is set to exceed 4 billion, most of this growth is expected in Africa and Asia and China to be 50% urbanized.</ref> While cities have more varied markets and goods than rural areas, facility congestion, domination of one group, high overhead and rental costs, and the inconvenience of trips across them frequently combine to make marketplace competition harsher in cities than in rural areas.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In many developing countries where economies are growing, the growth is often random and based on a small number of industries. Youths in these nations lack access to financial services and business advisory services, cannot get credit to start a business, and have no entrepreneurial skills. Therefore, they cannot seize opportunities in these industries. Making sure adolescents have access to excellent schools and infrastructure to work in such industries and improve schools is compulsory to promote a fair society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unfpa.org/swop |title=State of the World Population 2014 |year=2014 |publisher=UNFPA |access-date=11 May 2015 |archive-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912062715/https://www.unfpa.org/swop |url-status=live }}</ref>