Editing Uppsala University (section)

===17th century: Expansion===
The medieval university had mainly been a theology school. The aspirations of the emergent new great power of Sweden demanded a different kind of learning.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naylor |first=David |title=The history of Uppsala University – a brief summary – Uppsala University, Sweden |url=https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/history/summary/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=www.uu.se |language=en}}</ref> Sweden both grew through conquests and went through a complete overhaul of its administrative structure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naylor |first=David |title=The history of Uppsala University – a brief summary – Uppsala University, Sweden |url=https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/history/summary/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=www.uu.se |language=en}}</ref> It required a much larger class of civil servants and educators than before. Preparatory schools, [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasiums]], were also founded during this period in various cathedral towns, notably [[Västerås]] (the first one) in 1623. Besides Uppsala, new universities were founded in more distant parts of the [[Swedish Realm]], the [[University of Tartu|University of Dorpat]] (present-day Tartu) in [[Estonia]] (1632) and the [[Royal Academy of Turku]] in [[Finland]] (1640). After the Scanian provinces were taken from Denmark, [[Lund University]] was founded in 1666.

Instrumental in the reforms of the early 17th-century Swedish state was the long-dominant Chancellor [[Axel Oxenstierna]], who had spent his own student days in German universities and who for the last years before his death was also chancellor of the university. King [[Gustavus Adolphus]] showed the university a keen interest and increased the professorial chairs from eight to thirteen in 1620, and again to seventeen in 1621. In 1624 the king donated "for all eternity" all his own inherited personal property in the provinces of [[Uppland]] and [[Västmanland]], some 300 farms, mills and other sources of income. The king's former private tutor, [[Johan Skytte]], who was made chancellor of the university in 1622, donated the Skyttean chair in Eloquence and Government which still exists. The university received a stable structure with its constitution of 1626. The head of the university was to be the [[Chancellor of Uppsala University|chancellor]], and his deputy was the "[[pro-chancellor]]" (always the [[Archbishop of Uppsala|archbishop]] ''ex officio''). The immediate rule was the responsibility of the [[wikt:consistory|consistory]], to which belonged all the professors of the university, and the [[rector magnificus]], who was elected for a semester at the time; the latter position circulated among the professors, each of whom sometimes held it several times.

During the late 16th and early 17th centuries (and perhaps even earlier), the university was located in the old chapter house parallel to the south side of the cathedral, later renamed the ''Academia Carolina''. In 1622–1625 a new university building was built east of the cathedral, the so-called ''[[Gustavianum]]'', named after the reigning king. In the 1630s, the total number of students was about one thousand.
[[File:Anders-Celsius.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Anders Celsius]], astronomer and physicist.]]
[[Christina, Queen of Sweden|Queen Christina]] was generous to the university, gave scholarships to Swedish students to study abroad and recruited foreign scholars to Uppsala chairs, among them several from the [[University of Strasbourg]], notably, the philologist [[Johannes Schefferus]] (professor Skytteanus), whose little library and museum building at ''St Eriks torg'' now belongs to the [[Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala]]. The Queen, who would eventually declare her abdication in the great hall of [[Uppsala Castle]], visited the university on many occasions; in 1652 she was present at an anatomical demonstration arranged at the castle for the young physician [[Olaus Rudbeck]]. Rudbeck, one of several sons of [[Johannes Rudbeckius]], a former Uppsala professor who became [[Diocese of Västerås|Bishop of Västerås]], was sent for a year to the progressive [[Leiden University]] in the Netherlands. Returning in 1654, he received an assistantship in Medicine 1655 and had already gone to work on a program for improving aspects of the university. He planted the first [[botanical garden]], the one which would eventually be tended by [[Carl Linnaeus]] and is kept today as a museum of 18th-century botany under the name ''Linnéträdgården'' ("the [[Linnaean Garden]]"). With the patronage of the university chancellor [[Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie]], Rudbeck was made full professor in 1660, was elected rector for two terms, despite his youth, and started a revision of the work of the other professors and a building spree with himself as an architect. His most significant remaining architectural work is the anatomical theatre, which was added to Gustavianum in the 1660s and crowned with the characteristic cupola for which the building is today known.

A gifted scientist, architect and engineer, Rudbeck was the dominant personality of the university in the late 17th century who laid some of the groundwork for Linnaeus and others, but he is perhaps more known today for the pseudohistorical speculations of his ''Atlantica'', which consumed much of his later life. When large parts of Uppsala burned down in 1702, Gustavianum, which contained the university library and its many valuable manuscripts, escaped the fire; local lore has it that the ageing Rudbeck stood on the roof directing the work of fighting the fire.