Editing University of Washington (section)

===20th century expansion===
Organizers of the 1909 [[Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition]] eyed the still largely undeveloped campus as a prime setting for their [[World's Fair|world's fair]]. They came to an agreement with Washington's [[Board of Regents]] that allowed them to use the campus grounds for the exposition, surrounding today's [[Drumheller Fountain]] facing towards [[Mount Rainier]]. In exchange, organizers agreed Washington would take over the campus and its development after the fair's conclusion. This arrangement led to a detailed site plan and several new buildings, prepared in part by [[John Charles Olmsted]]. The plan was later incorporated into the overall UW campus master plan, permanently affecting the campus layout.

Both [[World War]]s brought the military to campus, with certain facilities temporarily lent to the federal government. In spite of this, subsequent post-war periods were times of dramatic growth for the university.<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Washington |url=http://depts.washington.edu/depress/university_washington.shtml |publisher=Great Depression in Washington State Project |access-date=August 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925014239/http://depts.washington.edu/depress/university_washington.shtml |archive-date=September 25, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Interwar period|period between the wars]] saw a significant expansion of the upper campus. Construction of the [[Liberal Arts Quadrangle]], known to students as "The Quad," began in 1916 and continued to 1939. The university's architectural centerpiece, [[Suzzallo Library]], was built in 1926 and expanded in 1935.

In 1942, all [[Japanese Americans|persons of Japanese ancestry]] in the Seattle area were forced into inland [[Internment of Japanese Americans|internment camps]] as part of [[Executive Order 9066]] following the attack on [[Pearl Harbor]]. During this difficult time, university president [[Lee Paul Sieg]] took an active and sympathetic leadership role in advocating for and facilitating the transfer of Japanese American students to universities and colleges away from the Pacific Coast to help them avoid the mass incarceration.<ref name="Phase II">{{cite web |title=Phase II — A Place for Some of Our Best Students |url=https://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/collections/exhibits/harmony/interrupted/phase2 |access-date=May 17, 2020 |archive-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027042739/https://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/collections/exhibits/harmony/interrupted/phase2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, many Japanese American students and "soon-to-be" graduates were unable to transfer successfully in the short time window or receive diplomas before being incarcerated. It was only many years later that they were recognized for their accomplishments, during the University of Washington's [[The Long Journey Home (ceremonial event)|Long Journey Home]] ceremonial event that was held in May 2008.

In October 2, 1946, the University of Washington formally opened a medical school as part of a School of Health Sciences against the Washington State Medical Association's oppositions, who did not wish to create a competitive surplus of physicians. The operation was spearheaded by President [[Henry Suzzallo]] based on plans created by [[Gideon A. Weed|Gideon Weed]], [[Rufus Willard]], and [[Thomas Minor]] earlier in 1884. The [[G.I. Bill of Rights|G.I. Bill]] was later created and passed, establishing the School of Health Sciences while providing $3.75 million for buildings and $450,000 for salaries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/3332 |title=University of Washington opens its medical school on October 2, 1946. |access-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913231904/https://www.historylink.org/File/3332 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/10177 |title=University of Washington Health Sciences Building is dedicated on October 9, 1949. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602221325/https://www.historylink.org/File/10177 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the foundation for the [[University of Washington Medical Center]], ranked by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' as one of the top ten hospitals in the nation. The School of Health Sciences was later renamed the [[University of Washington School of Medicine|School of Medicine]] in 1946, which is now consistently ranked as the top medical school in the United States. The University of Washington's role as a medical school sharply drew more attention after the [[World War II]] boom in wartime industry and economics.

[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] was nominated in 1954 by the University of Washington's Physics Department to lecture physics students for one week, but was unable to attend because of loyalty checks asked for by the [[US Federal Government]]. Oppenheimer never accepted the invitations, and [[Henry Schmitz|President Dr. Henry Schmitz]] disapproved of his nomination.<ref name="University of Washington President Henry Schmitz disapproves nomination of J">{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/3701 |title=University of Washington President Henry Schmitz disapproves nomination of J. Robert Oppenheimer as Walker-Ames Lecturer on December 10, 1954. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602221325/https://www.historylink.org/File/3701 |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 1958 to 1973, the University of Washington saw a tremendous growth in student enrollment, its faculties and operating budget, and also its prestige under the leadership of [[Charles Odegaard]]. During this period, the faculty was sharply divided over the issues of the role of the faculty in faculty appointments, and the conflict of who should run the University, the faculty or the parents and taxpayers. Henry Schmitz characterized the matter as "an internal power struggle."<ref name="University of Washington President Henry Schmitz disapproves nomination of J" /> UW student enrollment had more than doubled to 34,000 as the [[post-World War II baby boom|baby boom]] generation came of age.

The University of Washington has a long history with civil rights starting from 1874,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/1606 |title=African American student at the UW stirs racism and a defense of civil rights in January 1874. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042745/https://www.historylink.org/File/1606 |url-status=live }}</ref> through 1899<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/261 |title=University of Washington School of Law admits its first Black graduate in 1899. |access-date=June 2, 2023 }}</ref> with civil activism and through 1968<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/1452 |title=Black Student Union presents additional demands to University of Washington on May 17, 1968. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042741/https://www.historylink.org/File/1452 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/1454 |title=Black Student Union stages sit-in at University of Washington on May 20, 1968. |access-date=June 2, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/1455 |title=University of Washington endorses Black Studies curriculum on May 23, 1968. |access-date=June 2, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/BSU_intro.htm |title=The Black Student Union at UW: Black Power on Campus |publisher=Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project |access-date=August 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007071347/http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/BSU_intro.htm |archive-date=October 7, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> to 1975. This era was also marked by high levels of [[student activism]], as was the case at many American universities. Much of the unrest focused around [[civil rights]], actively seen when football coach Jim Owens suspended four Black football players on October 30, 1969, for "[a] lack of commitment to the team," after which activists demanded Owen's resignation and the rest of the black football players on the team refused to play.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/3645 |title=University of Washington coach Jim Owens suspends four Black football players on October 30, 1969. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042734/https://www.historylink.org/File/3645 |url-status=live }}</ref> For a time, activists had been passionate as to incite a response from school administration to occupy the campus after the activists harmed 17 persons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/2194 |title=Police from Seattle and King County occupy University of Washington on March 12, 1970, after demonstrations injure 17 persons. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042740/https://www.historylink.org/File/2194 |url-status=live }}</ref> African American Dr. Robert Flennaugh was appointed to the UW Board of Regents on March 25, 1970<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/2202 |title=Governor Dan Evans appoints Dr. Robert Flennaugh, first African American to serve on UW Board of Regents, on March 25, 1970. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042744/https://www.historylink.org/File/2202 |url-status=live }}</ref> and later on June 22 the ''University of Washington Daily'' eliminated gender-based help ads.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/1285 |title=University of Washington Daily eliminates gender-based help wanted ads on June 22, 1970. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042743/https://www.historylink.org/File/1285 |url-status=live }}</ref> Activism peaked in 1975 when 2,000 students protested university hiring practices on the campus through May 13 and 14.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/8301 |title=Some 2,000 students protest university hiring practices in front of the University of Washington Administration Building on May 13 and 14, 1975. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913231904/https://www.historylink.org/File/8301 |url-status=live }}</ref> Further opposition to the [[Vietnam War]] occurred,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://depts.washington.edu/antiwar/vietnam_student.shtml |title=Student Activism at UW, 1948–1970 |last=Kindig |first=Jesse |publisher=Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project |access-date=August 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424200237/http://depts.washington.edu/antiwar/vietnam_student.shtml |archive-date=April 24, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and in response to anti-Vietnam War protests by the late 1960s, the University Safety and Security Division became the University of Washington Police Department.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washington.edu/admin/police/about/history.html |title=UW Police Department: History |access-date=August 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101112410/http://www.washington.edu/admin/police/about/history.html |archive-date=November 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 29, 1969, a bomb detonated on campus, causing $100,000 damages and no injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/1248 |title=Bomb explodes at UW on June 29, 1969. |access-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602231742/https://www.historylink.org/File/1248 |url-status=live }}</ref> No group claimed responsibility for the incident.

Odegaard instituted a vision of building a "community of scholars", convincing the Washington State legislatures to increase investment in the university. Washington [[United States Senate|senators]], such as [[Henry M. Jackson]] and [[Warren G. Magnuson]], also used their political clout to gather research funds for UW. The results included an increase in the operating budget from $37 million in 1958 to over $400 million in 1973, solidifying UW as a top recipient of federal research funds in the United States. The establishment of technology giants such as [[Microsoft]], [[Boeing]] and [[Amazon.com|Amazon]] in the local area also proved to be highly influential in the UW's fortunes, not only improving graduate prospects<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.paysa.com/blog/2017/06/05/top-colleges-in-tech/ |title=Top Colleges in Tech {{!}} Paysa Blog |website=www.paysa.com |language=en-US |access-date=August 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803132603/https://www.paysa.com/blog/2017/06/05/top-colleges-in-tech/ |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/26/how-long-youll-need-to-go-to-school-to-work-at-top-tech-companies.html |title=Here's how much education you need to work at top tech companies |last=Hess |first=Abigail |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 26, 2017 |access-date=August 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803134340/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/26/how-long-youll-need-to-go-to-school-to-work-at-top-tech-companies.html |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> but also helping to attract millions of dollars in university and research funding through its distinguished faculty and extensive alumni network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.washington.edu/giving/recognition/gates-volunteer-service-award/about-the-gates-family/ |title=About the Gates family {{!}} Give to the UW |website=www.washington.edu |language=en |access-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801231844/https://www.washington.edu/giving/recognition/gates-volunteer-service-award/about-the-gates-family/ |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Drumhellerfountain.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Rainier]] viewed from [[Drumheller Fountain]]]]