Editing University College London (section)

===1900 to 1976 – University of London, University College{{anchor|University College London (Transfer) Act 1905}}===
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = University College London (Transfer) Act 1905
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = 
| year                  = 1905
| citation              = [[5 Edw. 7]]. c. xci
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 11 July 1905
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Edw7/5/91/pdfs/ukla_19050091_en.pdf
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
Following the University of London's reconstitution in 1909, transforming it from an examining board to a federal university with constituent "schools", UCL, became a school of the University of London. While most of the colleges that became schools of the university retained their autonomy, UCL chose to be merged into the university in 1907 under the University College London (Transfer) Act 1905 ([[5 Edw. 7]]. c. xci) and surrendered its legal independence in return for gaining a greater say in the running of the university.<ref name="UoL Hist Rec"/> Its formal name became ''University of London, University College'', although for most informal and external purposes the name "University College, London" (or the initialism UCL) was still used. {{As of|2022|post=,}} it remains listed as "University of London: University College" on [[FAFSA|US Federal Student Aid]] applications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/scholarships/us-student-financial-aid-ucl|title=US Student Financial Aid at UCL|website=UCL|date=18 November 2019 |access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref>

[[File:The Cruciform Building - geograph.org.uk - 727084.jpg|thumb|The Cruciform Building, seen from inside the quadrangle of the UCL Main Building]]

1900 also saw the decision to appoint a salaried head of the college. The first incumbent was [[Carey Foster]], who served as [[Principal (academia)|Principal]] (as the post was originally titled) from 1900 to 1904. He was succeeded by [[Gregory Foster]] (no relation), and in 1906 the title was changed to [[Provost (education)|Provost]] to avoid confusion with the principal of the University of London. Gregory Foster remained in post until 1929.<ref>Harte and North 2004, pp. 160–61.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/foster-gregory |title=Foster, Sir Gregory: Papers |publisher=UCL}}</ref><ref name="Former Provosts">{{cite web |title=Former Provosts |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/provost/former-provosts |publisher=University College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229164231/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/provost/former-provosts |archive-date=29 February 2016 |access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> In 1906, the Cruciform Building was opened as the new home for [[University College Hospital]].<ref>{{cite book |title=University College Hospital and its Medical School: A History |first1=W |last1=Merrington |publisher=Heinemann |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-434-46500-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbV1QgAACAAJ}}</ref> UCL opened the [[Ramsay Memorial Professor of Chemical Engineering|first department and chair of chemical engineering]] in the UK, funded by the [[William Ramsay|Ramsay]] Memorial Fund, in 1923.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/chemical-engineering/about/history |title='' History. UCL Chemical Engineering has a long and distinguished history as a world-leading research department – the first of its kind in the UK. Find out more about some key figures and dates in our history'' |website=University College London |date=19 July 2018 |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>

In 1904, [[Francis Galton]] donated £1,000 to the University of London for a [[eugenics]] laboratory; this transferred to UCL in 1907 with [[Karl Pearson]] as its director.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/provost/sites/provost/files/ucl_history_of_eugenics_inquiry_report.pdf|title=Inquiry into the History of Eugenics at UCL Report|date=February 2020|page=24}}</ref> UCL apologised for its "fundamental role in the development, propagation and legitimisation of eugenics" in 2021.<ref name=EugenicsApology>{{cite news |date=7 January 2021 |title=University College London apologises for role in promoting eugenics |url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/jan/07/university-college-london-apologises-for-role-in-promoting-eugenics |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

In 1911, UCL received an anonymous donation of £30,000 ({{inflation|UK|30000|1911|fmt=eq|cursign=£|r=-4}}) for a building for its [[The Bartlett|school of architecture]]. In 1919 the donor consented to being named as [[Herbert Bartlett]] and the school was renamed in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bartlett100.com/article/the-life-of-herbert-henry-bartlett.html|title=The life of Henry Bartlett|website=Bartlett 100|publisher=UCL The Bartlett|date=2019|access-date=27 January 2023|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127145732/https://bartlett100.com/article/the-life-of-herbert-henry-bartlett.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 

UCL sustained considerable bomb damage during the Second World War, including the complete destruction of the Great Hall, the Carey Foster Physics Laboratory and the Ramsay Laboratory. Fires gutted the library and destroyed much of the main building, including the dome; it was not until 1954 that the main building was fully restored. The departments were dispersed across the country to [[Aberystwyth]], [[Bangor, Gwynedd]], [[Cambridge]], [[Oxford]], [[Rothamsted Manor|Rothamsted]] near [[Harpenden, Hertfordshire]] and [[Sheffield]], with the administration at Stanstead Bury near [[Ware, Hertfordshire]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The World of UCL |pages=201–210 |author1=Negley Harte |author2=John North |author3=Georgina Brewis |publisher=UCL Press |date=2018}}</ref> The first UCL student newspaper, ''[[Pi (magazine)|Pi]]'', was founded in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uclpimedia.com/whatispimedia|title=What is Pi Media|website=Pi Media|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref> The [[Institute of Jewish Studies at University College London|Institute of Jewish Studies]] relocated from Manchester to UCL in 1959.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128194440/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/institute-jewish-studies/about-0|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/institute-jewish-studies/about-0|archive-date=28 November 2022|access-date=25 January 2023|title=About|website=UCL Institute of Jewish Studies|date=24 April 2019 }}</ref> The [[Mullard Space Science Laboratory]] was established in 1967.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of British Space Science |first1=Harrie |last1=Massie |first2=M. |last2=Robins |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-12338-9 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqQsjc3BwZkC}}</ref>

In 1973, [[Peter T. Kirstein|Peter Kirstein's]] research group at UCL became one of only two international nodes on the [[ARPANET]], later becoming part of [[SATNET]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 November 2003 |title=30 years of the international internet |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3280897.stm |access-date=22 June 2012 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |date=21 November 2003 |title=UCL marks 30 years of e-networking |work=[[Times Higher Education]] |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=185049&sectioncode=26 |access-date=22 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=UCL |date=2023-12-19 |title=European ARPANET 50th Anniversary |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/computer-science/about/about-peter-kirstein/european-arpanet-50th-anniversary |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=UCL Computer Science |language=en |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=UCL |date=2021-03-12 |title=ARPANET 50th Anniversary |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/computer-science/about/about-peter-kirstein/arpanet-50th-anniversary |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=UCL Computer Science |language=en}}</ref> UCL's implementation of [[internetworking]] between the ARPANET and early [[Internet in the United Kingdom#History|British academic networks]] was the first international heterogeneous [[resource sharing]] network.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirstein |first=P.T. |date=1999 |title=Early experiences with the Arpanet and Internet in the United Kingdom |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4773/f19792f9fce8eacba72e5f8c2a021414e52d.pdf |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=38–44 |doi=10.1109/85.759368 |issn=1934-1547 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207092443/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4773/f19792f9fce8eacba72e5f8c2a021414e52d.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-07 |s2cid=1558618}}</ref> UCL played a significant role in the very [[History of the Internet|earliest experimental Internet work]] and adopted [[TCP/IP]] in 1982, ahead of the ARPANET.<ref name="M. Ziewitz & I. Brown">{{cite book |author=M. Ziewitz & I. Brown |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgI1_r61JFQC&pg=PA7 |title=Research Handbook on Governance of the Internet |date=2013 |publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]] |isbn=978-1849805049 |page=7 |access-date=2015-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author1=Vinton Cerf |date=1993 |encyclopedia=The Online User's Encyclopedia| editor=Bernard Aboba|publisher=Boston: Addison-Wesley| title=How the Internet Came to Be |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237130669 |quote=We began doing concurrent implementations at Stanford, BBN, and University College London. So effort at developing the Internet protocols was international from the beginning.}}</ref><ref name=":3">[http://mercury.lcs.mit.edu/~jnc/plaque.html "Stanford University 'Birth of the Internet' Plaque"], web page, J. Noel Chiappa, Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT</ref><ref group=note>See also the ''Final Report of the Stanford University TCP project'', {{Cite IETF|ien=151}}, written by Cerf in 1980. This was originally, in TCP version 2 in 1977 (IEN5), to be entitled "Final Report of the Internetwork TCP Project" and to be written by Cerf [Stanford], Stephen Edge [UCL], Andrew Hinchley [UCL], Richard Karp [Stanford], [[Peter T. Kirstein]] [UCL], and [[Paal Spilling]] [NDRE]. This title was carried over into version 3 (IEN21) and into the list of references in version 4 (IEN55) while the present title was adopted in the preface.</ref>

The college's [[Common room (university)|senior common room]], the Housman Room, remained men-only until 1969. After two unsuccessful attempts, a motion was passed that ended segregation by sex at UCL. This was achieved by [[Brian Woledge]] (Fielden Professor of French at UCL from 1939 to 1971) and [[David Colquhoun]], at that time a young lecturer in pharmacology.<ref name=Campaigns>{{cite book |title=The World of UCL |pages=241–244|author1=Negley Harte |author2=John North |author3=Georgina Brewis |publisher=UCL Press |date=2018}}</ref>