Editing United States Naval Academy (section)

===American Civil War===
The [[American Civil War]] was disruptive to the Naval Academy. Southern sympathy ran high in Maryland. Although riots broke out, Maryland did not declare secession. The United States government was planning to move the school, when the sudden outbreak of hostilities forced a quick departure. Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to [[Fort Adams]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]] by the {{USS|Constitution}} in April 1861, where the academy was set up in temporary facilities and opened in May.<ref name=1860s>{{cite book|last1=Duchesneau|first1=John T|first2=Kathleen|last2=Troost-Cramer|title=Fort Adams: A History|date=2014|publisher=The History Press|location=Charleston, SC|isbn=978-1-62619-528-8|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucyTAwAAQBAJ&q=%22benjamin%20k.%20pierce%22%20%22fort%20adams%22&pg=PA44}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Annapolis campus, meanwhile, was turned into a United States Army Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joshualawrencechamberlain.com/annapolis.php|title=Echoes from Life in Camp|access-date=8 March 2013|archive-date=20 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320023445/http://www.joshualawrencechamberlain.com/annapolis.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:USNA-Constitution&Santeelate1860s.jpg|thumb|right|US Naval Academy waterfront in the late 1860s with the barrack/school ships USS ''Constitution'' and ''Santee'' tied up in the background. Other ships not identified.]]

The [[United States Navy]] was stressed by the situation – 24% of its officers resigned to join the [[Confederate States Navy]], including 95 graduates and 59 midshipmen,{{sfn|Conrad|2003|p=6}} along with many key leaders who influenced USNA's founding. As the first superintendent of the [[United States Naval Observatory]], Commander [[Matthew Fontaine Maury]], who advocated<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/m/matthew-fontaine-maury-benefactor-of-mankind.html |title=Mathew Fontaine Maury: Benefactor of Mankind |publisher=History.navy.mil |access-date=23 March 2015 |archive-date=28 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228023136/http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/m/matthew-fontaine-maury-benefactor-of-mankind.html |url-status=live }}</ref> for creating the United States Naval Academy, also resigned his commission.

The first superintendent, Admiral [[Franklin Buchanan]], joined the Confederate States Navy as its first and primary admiral. Captain [[Sidney Smith Lee]], the second commandant of midshipmen,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usna.com/Page.aspx?pid=508|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531103105/https://www.usna.com/Page.aspx?pid=508|url-status=dead| archive-date=31 May 2009|title=Commandants |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association & Foundation}}</ref> and older brother of Robert E. Lee, left Federal service in 1861 for the Confederate States Navy. Lieutenant [[William Harwar Parker]], CSN, class of 1848, and instructor at USNA, joined the [[Virginia State Navy]], and then went on to become the superintendent of the [[Confederate States Naval Academy]].

Lieutenant Charles "Savez" Read may have been "anchor man" (graduated last) in the class of 1860, but his later service to the Confederate States Navy included defending New Orleans, service on CSS ''Arkansas'' and CSS ''Florida'', and command of a series of captured Union ships that culminated in seizing the US Revenue Cutter ''Caleb Cushing'' in Portland, Maine. Lieutenant [[James Iredell Waddell]], CSN, a former instructor at the US Naval Academy, commanded the [[CSS Shenandoah|CSS ''Shenandoah'']].

The midshipmen and faculty returned to Annapolis in the summer of 1865, just after the war ended.