Editing United Airlines Flight 175 (section)

==Flight==
===Aircraft===

The flight was operated by a Boeing 767-200, [[aircraft registration|registration number]] N612UA built and delivered to United Airlines in 1983.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 7, 2006 |title=Brief of Accident |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/GenPDF.asp?id=DCA01MA063&rpt=fi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134640/https://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/GenPDF.asp?id=DCA01MA063&rpt=fi |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |access-date=June 17, 2008 |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |format=PDF |id=DCA01MA063}}</ref> It had a capacity of 168 passengers (10 in first class, 32 in business class, and 126 in economy class). On the day of the attacks, the flight carried only 56 passengers and 9{{nbs}}crew, which represented a 33 percent [[load factor (transportation)|load factor]]{{snd}}well below the average load factor of 49 percent in the three months preceding September{{nbs}}11.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} 

===Crew===

The [[captain]] was Victor Saracini (51), a former Navy [[fighter pilot]] with 16 years' service at the airline.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Tribute to Atlantic City's Navy Pilot |url=https://shorelocalnews.com/a-tribute-to-atlantic-citys-navy-pilot |website=Shore Local |date=November 13, 2017 |access-date=May 22, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522131601/https://shorelocalnews.com/a-tribute-to-atlantic-citys-navy-pilot/}}</ref> The airplane was co-piloted by [[First officer (aviation)|first officer]] Michael Horrocks (38), who had previously served as a fighter pilot in the Marine Corps with 2 years' service at the airline.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Susan |title=Four Pilot Lights – Nothing Could Extinguish their Flames |url=https://www.alpa.org/news-and-events/air-line-pilot-magazine/four-pilot-lights |website=Air Line Pilots Association |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904122518/https://www.alpa.org/news-and-events/air-line-pilot-magazine/four-pilot-lights |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kropf |first1=Schuyler |title=C of C track athlete lost her dad, a co-pilot, during 9/11 |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/news/c-of-c-track-athlete-lost-her-dad-a-co-pilot-during-9-11/article_d2a561a9-b346-568c-95df-ca03548dfb4b.html |work=Post and Courier |language=en |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904122618/https://www.postandcourier.com/news/c-of-c-track-athlete-lost-her-dad-a-co-pilot-during-9-11/article_d2a561a9-b346-568c-95df-ca03548dfb4b.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Flight attendant|cabin crew]] consisted of purser Kathryn Laborie (42) with 7 years' service at the airline, as well as [[Flight attendant|flight attendants]] Michael Tarrou (38) with 10 years' service at the airline, Amy King (29) with 8 years' service at the airline, Amy Jarret (28) with 6 years' service at the airline, Robert Fangman (33) with 10 months' service at the airline, Alfred Marchand (44) with 9 months' service at the airline, and Alicia Titus (28) with 9 months' service at the airline.<ref>{{cite web |title=9/11 Commission Staff Report |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf |date=September 2005 |access-date=May 3, 2023 |url-status=live |page=18-19 |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712075041/http://www.archives.gov/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW0i2BGOgQo |title=Crew Tribute: September 11 |date=2025-03-03 |last=Airline Chronicles |access-date=2025-04-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

===Passengers===

Out of the 60 occupants (excluding the five hijackers), there were 50 Americans, 3 Germans, 2 Britons and one each originating from Iran, Israel, Indonesia, Ireland, and Canada. The youngest person on Flight{{nbs}}175 was Christine Hanson, aged two and a half;<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hirschkorn |first1=Phil |title=Father recalls son's last words on 9/11 |date=Apr 11, 2006 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/10/moussaoui.victims/ |website=CNN |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207062054/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/10/moussaoui.victims/ |url-status=live}}</ref> the oldest 82-year-old Dorothy DeAraujo of [[Long Beach, California]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Mike |title=Lisa Frost, A Recent College Graduate, Was on Her Way to California to Visit Her Family L |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/09/25/lisa-frost-a-recent-college-graduate-was-on-her-way-to-california-to-visit-her-family/ |access-date=4 September 2021 |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=September 10, 2005 |language=en |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904120816/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/09/25/lisa-frost-a-recent-college-graduate-was-on-her-way-to-california-to-visit-her-family/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Among the other passengers were hockey scout [[Garnet Bailey]], and former athlete [[Mark Bavis]].

===Boarding===
[[File:Boston Logan Gate C19 with Flag and Jet.jpg|thumb|right|Gate C19 at Boston's Logan International Airport was the boarding gate of United Flight{{nbs}}175 on September{{nbs}}11, 2001. An American flag was added to memorialize the site.]]
Two hours before boarding, al-Shehhi took a phone call from [[Ziad Jarrah]] at 05:01. Jarrah was set to hijack [[United Airlines Flight 93|Flight 93]] out of [[Newark, New Jersey]], not far from the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|Twin Towers]]. The purpose of the call was to confirm they were all set to carry out the attacks.<ref>{{cite book |last=McMillan |first=Tom |date=2014 |title=Flight 93: The Story, the Aftermath, and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXiFBAAAQBAJ&dq=Ziad+Jarrah+Marwan+Al+Shehhi+5:01+am+cell+phone+call&pg=PA64 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1442232853 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911040828/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Flight_93/MXiFBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Ziad+Jarrah+Marwan+Al+Shehhi+5%3A01+am+cell+phone+call&pg=PA64&printsec=frontcover%3Dfalse |url-status=live |page=64}}</ref> Hamza al-Ghamdi and Ahmed al-Ghamdi checked out of their hotel and called a taxi to take them to [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]], Massachusetts.{{sfn|Federal Bureau of Investigation|2008|p=288}} They arrived at the [[United Airlines]] counter in Terminal C at 06:20 [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time]] and Ahmed al-Ghamdi checked two bags. Both hijackers indicated they wanted to purchase tickets, even though they already had paper tickets, which were purchased approximately two weeks before the attacks.{{sfn|Shane|2009}} They had trouble answering the standard security questions, so the counter agent repeated the questions very slowly until satisfied with their responses.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intelfiles.egoplex.com/2001-09-21-FBI-FD302-gail-jawahir.pdf |title=Interview with Gail Jawahir |date=September 21, 2001 |publisher=Intelfiles |author=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=October 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081026013935/http://intelfiles.egoplex.com/2001-09-21-FBI-FD302-gail-jawahir.pdf |archive-date=October 26, 2008}}</ref> Hijacker pilot Marwan al-Shehhi checked a single bag at 06:45, and the other remaining hijackers, Fayez Banihammad and Mohand al-Shehri, checked in at 06:53; Banihammad checked two bags.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} None of the Flight 175 hijackers were selected for extra scrutiny by the [[Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System]] (CAPPS).{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=2}} In the meantime, at 06:52, al-Shehhi approached a payphone and called [[Mohamed Atta|Mohamed Atta's]] [[Mobile phone|cellphone]]. Atta was preparing to board American Airlines Flight 11 from another terminal in Logan, and would fly the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center 17 minutes before al-Shehhi crashed into the South Tower. Like the earlier conversation with Jarrah, the intent of this final communication was to confirm that they were both ready to go ahead with the attacks.<ref>{{cite book |last=9/11 Final Report of the National Commission |title="We have some planes" |year=2004 |url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |page=19 |access-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-date=September 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055527/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

Al-Shehhi and the other hijackers boarded Flight{{nbs}}175 between 07:23 and 07:28. Banihammad boarded first and sat in [[First class (aviation)|first class]] seat 2A, while Mohand al-Shehri was in seat 2B. At 07:27, al-Shehhi and Ahmed al-Ghamdi boarded and sat in [[business class]] seats 6C and 9D, respectively. One minute later, Hamza al-Ghamdi boarded and sat in 9C.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=2}}

The flight was scheduled to depart at 08:00 for [[Los Angeles]]. Fifty-one passengers and the five hijackers boarded the 767 through Terminal C's Gate 19. The plane pushed back at 07:58 and took off at 08:14 from Runway 9,{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}} as Flight 11 was hijacked. Around this time, the Captain and First Officer picked up on an alarming communication from a yet-unidentified aircraft, which they surmised to be the voice of a hijacker; indeed, the communication later turned out to have been made from the cockpit of Flight 11. Though unnerved, they chose not to call it in immediately, instead waiting until they had crossed over from the radio frequencies of [[Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center|Boston Center]] into those of [[Aviation in the New York metropolitan area#Airspace|New York Center]] to avoid being eavesdropped on. By 08:33, the aircraft reached cruising altitude of {{convert|31,000|ft|m}}, which is the point when cabin service would normally begin.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} Seeking information on the whereabouts of Flight 11, [[air traffic controller]]s asked the pilots of Flight{{nbs}}175 whether they could see the hijacked airliner. The crew could not locate the plane at first, but immediately corrected themselves once they noticed that Flight{{nbs}}11 was at {{convert|29,000|ft|m}}. ATC then instructed the pilots to turn and avoid Flight 11.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellison |first=Michael |url=https://www.theguardian.com/wtccrash/story/0,1300,575518,00.html |title='We have planes. Stay quiet' – Then silence |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 17, 2001 |access-date=April 18, 2007 |location=London |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911145614/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/17/september11.usa |url-status=live}}</ref> By 08:42, Flight 175 made the transition to the airspace of New York Center, allowing the pilots to report the suspicious transmission they heard while climbing out of Logan. "Sounds like someone keyed the mic and said 'Everyone stay in your seats'," Saracini told Dave Bottiglia, the controller dealing with Flight 11.<ref>{{cite news |title=The eleventh day |url=https://nypost.com/2011/09/11/the-eleventh-day/ |work=The NY Post |date=September 11, 2011 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408022156/https://nypost.com/2011/09/11/the-eleventh-day/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the last transmission from Flight{{nbs}}175.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wald |first1=Matthew L. |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E3DF163EF935A25753C1A9679C8B63 |title=A Nation Challenged: The Tapes; 'We Have Some Planes,' Hijacker Said on Sept. 11 |date=October 16, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=June 17, 2008 |last2=Sack |first2=Kevin |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921050238/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E3DF163EF935A25753C1A9679C8B63 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}