Editing Ubiquitous computing (section)

== Examples ==
One of the earliest ubiquitous systems was artist [[Natalie Jeremijenko]]'s "Live Wire", also known as "Dangling String", installed at Xerox PARC during Mark Weiser's time there.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.karlstechnology.com/blog/designing-calm-technology/ |title=Designing Calm Technology |last=Weiser |first=Mark |date=2017-05-03 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306211442/https://www.karlstechnology.com/blog/designing-calm-technology/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was a piece of string attached to a [[stepper motor]] and controlled by a [[LAN]] connection; network activity caused the string to twitch, yielding a ''peripherally noticeable'' indication of traffic. Weiser called this an example of ''[[calm technology]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weiser |first1=Mark |author-link=Mark Weiser |last2=Gold |first2=Rich |last3=Brown |first3=John Seely |author-link3=John Seely Brown |title=The Origins of Ubiquitous Computing Research at PARC in the Late 1980s |year=1999 |journal=IBM Systems Journal |volume=38 |issue=4 |doi=10.1147/sj.384.0693 |page=693|s2cid=38805890 }}</ref>

A present manifestation of this trend is the widespread diffusion of mobile phones. Many mobile phones support high speed data transmission, video services, and other services with powerful computational ability. Although these mobile devices are not necessarily manifestations of ubiquitous computing, there are examples, such as Japan's Yaoyorozu ("Eight Million Gods") Project in which mobile devices, coupled with radio frequency identification tags demonstrate that ubiquitous computing is already present in some form.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Winter |first1=Jenifer |title=Emerging Policy Problems Related to Ubiquitous Computing: Negotiating Stakeholders' Visions of the Future |journal=Knowledge, Technology & Policy|date=December 2008 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=191–203 |doi=10.1007/s12130-008-9058-4|hdl=10125/63534 |s2cid=109339320 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

[[Ambient Devices]] has produced an "orb", a "dashboard", and a "[[weather beacon]]": these decorative devices receive data from a [[wireless network]] and report current events, such as stock prices and the weather, like the [[Nabaztag]], which was invented by [[Rafi Haladjian]] and [[Olivier Mével]], and manufactured by the company Violet.

The Australian futurist [[Mark Pesce]] has produced a highly configurable 52-[[LED]] [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] enabled lamp which uses [[Wi-Fi]] named ''MooresCloud'' after [[Gordon Moore]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Fingas |first=Jon |url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/10/13/moorescloud-light-runs-linux-puts-lamp-on-your-lamp/ |title=MooresCloud Light runs Linux, puts LAMP on your lamp (video) |publisher=Engadget.com |date=13 October 2012 |access-date=22 March 2019 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325124949/https://www.engadget.com/2012/10/13/moorescloud-light-runs-linux-puts-lamp-on-your-lamp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Unified Computer Intelligence Corporation]] launched a device called ''[[Ubi – The Ubiquitous Computer]]'' designed to allow voice interaction with the home and provide constant access to information.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theubi.com |title=Ubi Cloud |publisher=Theubi.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102105946/http://www.theubi.com/ |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref>

Ubiquitous computing research has focused on building an environment in which computers allow humans to focus attention on select aspects of the environment and operate in supervisory and policy-making roles. Ubiquitous computing emphasizes the creation of a human computer interface that can interpret and support a user's intentions. For example, MIT's Project Oxygen seeks to create a system in which computation is as pervasive as air:
<blockquote>In the future, computation will be human centered. It will be freely available everywhere, like batteries and power sockets, or oxygen in the air we breathe...We will not need to carry our own devices around with us. Instead, configurable generic devices, either handheld or embedded in the environment, will bring computation to us, whenever we need it and wherever we might be. As we interact with these "anonymous" devices, they will adopt our information personalities. They will respect our desires for privacy and security. We won't have to type, click, or learn new computer jargon. Instead, we'll communicate naturally, using speech and gestures that describe our intent...<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxygen.csail.mit.edu/Overview.html|title=MIT Project Oxygen: Overview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705165822/http://oxygen.csail.mit.edu/Overview.html|archive-date=July 5, 2004}}</ref></blockquote>

This is a fundamental transition that does not seek to escape the physical world and "enter some metallic, gigabyte-infested cyberspace" but rather brings computers and communications to us, making them "synonymous with the useful tasks they perform".<ref name="ReferenceA" />

[[Network robot]]s link ubiquitous networks with [[robot]]s, contributing to the creation of new lifestyles and solutions to address a variety of social problems including the aging of population and nursing care.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scat.or.jp/nrf/English/index.html |title=Network Robot Forum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024203219/http://www.scat.or.jp/nrf/English/index.html |archive-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref>

The [[OS X Yosemite#Continuity|"Continuity"]] set of features, introduced by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] in [[OS X Yosemite]], can be seen as an example of ubiquitous computing.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=deAgonia |first=Michael |date=2014-06-06 |title=Apple's Continuity tack brings ubiquitous computing to Yosemite and iOS 8 |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2490407/apple-s-continuity-tack-brings-ubiquitous-computing-to-yosemite-and-ios-8.html |language=en |access-date=2023-01-31 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131184558/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2490407/apple-s-continuity-tack-brings-ubiquitous-computing-to-yosemite-and-ios-8.html |url-status=live }}</ref>