Editing Typhon (section)

===Offspring===
According to [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'', Typhon "was joined in love" to [[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]], a monstrous half-woman and half-snake, who bore Typhon "fierce offspring".<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D304 306–314]. Compare with [[Lycophron]], ''Alexandra'' [https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/606/mode/2up 1351 ff. (pp. 606–607)], which refers to Echidna as Typhon's spouse (''δάμαρ'').</ref> First, according to Hesiod, there was [[Orthrus]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''Library'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.5.10 2.5.10] also has Orthrus as the offspring of Typhon and Echidna. [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica]]'' (or ''Fall of Troy'') [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/272/mode/2up 6.249–262 (pp. 272–273)] has Cerberus as the offspring of Typhon and Echidna, and Orthrus as his brother.</ref> the two-headed dog who guarded the Cattle of [[Geryon]], second [[Cerberus]],<ref>[[Acusilaus]], fr. 13 Fowler (Fowler 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA11 p. 11]; Freeman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA15 p. 15 fragment 6]), [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 151], and Quintus Smyrnaeus, ''loc. cit.'', also have Cerberus as the offspring of Typhon and Echidna. [[Bacchylides]], Ode [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0064%3Abook%3DEp%3Apoem%3D5 5.62], [[Sophocles]], ''[[Women of Trachis]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0196%3Acard%3D1076 1097–1099],  [[Callimachus]], fragment 515 Pfeiffer (Trypanis, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/callimachus-fragments_uncertain_location/1973/pb_LCL421.259.xml?result=2&rskey=li3r52 pp. 258–259]), [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=4:card=481&highlight=Echidna 4.500–501], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=7:card=404&highlight=Cerberian 7.406–409], all have Cerberus as the offspring of Echidna, with no father named.</ref> the multiheaded dog who guarded the gates of [[Hades]], and third the [[Lernaean Hydra]],<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface],  [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html#30 30] (only Typhon is mentioned), [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 151] also has the Hydra and as the offspring of Echidna and Typhon.</ref> the many-headed serpent who, when one of its heads was cut off, grew two more. The ''Theogony'' next mentions an ambiguous "she", which might refer to Echidna, as the mother of the  [[Chimera (mythology)|Chimera]] (a fire-breathing beast that was part lion, part goat, and had a snake-headed tail) with Typhon then being the father.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D319 319]. The referent of the "she" in line 319 is uncertain, see Gantz, p. 22; Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159, with n. 34].</ref>

While mentioning Cerberus and "other monsters" as being the offspring of Echidna and Typhon, the mythographer [[Acusilaus]] (6th century BC) adds the [[Caucasian Eagle]] that ate the liver of [[Prometheus]].<ref>[[Acusilaus]], fr. 13 Fowler (Fowler 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA11 p. 11]; Freeman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA15 p. 15 fragment 6]); Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 p. 28]; Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA149 pp. 149–150].</ref> The mythographer [[Pherecydes of Athens]] (5th century BC) also names Prometheus's eagle,<ref>[[Pherecydes of Athens]], fr. 7 Fowler (Fowler 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA278 p. 278]); Fowler 2013, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 21], [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 27–28]; Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA149 pp. 149–150].</ref> and adds [[Ladon (mythology)|Ladon]] (though Pherecydes does not use this name), the dragon that guarded the [[golden apple]]s in the [[Garden of the Hesperides]] (according to Hesiod, the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys).<ref>[[Pherecydes of Athens]], fr. 16b Fowler (Fowler 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA286 p. 286]); Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0130:card=304 333–336]; Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 p. 28]; Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA149 p. 149 n. 3]; Hošek, p. 678. The first to name the dragon Ladon is [[Apollonius of Rhodes]], ''[[Argonautica]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/argonautica00apoluoft#page/388/mode/2up 4.1396 (pp. 388–389)], which makes Ladon earthborn, see Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 p. 28 n. 97]. [[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]], ''[[Chiliades]]'' 2.36.360 (Kiessling, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA54 p. 54]; English translation: Berkowitz, [https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n31/mode/1up p. 33]), also has Typhon as Ladon's father.</ref> The lyric poet Lasus of Hermione (6th century BC) adds the [[Sphinx]].<ref>[[Lasus of Hermione]], fragment 706A (Campbell, pp. 310–311). [[Euripides]], ''[[The Phoenician Women]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0118%3Acard%3D1019 1019–1020]; Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA149 p. 149 n. 3] has Echidna as her mother, without mentioning a father. Hesiod mentions the [[Sphinx]] (and the [[Nemean lion]]) as having been the offspring of Echidna's son Orthrus, by another ambiguous "she", in line 326 (see Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p.159, with n. 34]), read variously as the Chimera, Echidna herself, or even Ceto.</ref>

Later authors mostly retain these offspring of Typhon by Echidna, while adding others. [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], in addition to naming as their offspring Orthrus, the Chimera (citing Hesiod as his source) the Caucasian Eagle, Ladon, and the Sphinx, also adds the [[Nemean lion]] (no mother is given), and the [[Crommyonian Sow]], killed by the hero [[Theseus]] (unmentioned by Hesiod).<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]],  ''Library'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.5.10 2.5.10] (Orthrus), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.3.1 2.3.1] (Chimera), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.5.11 2.5.11] (Caucasian Eagle), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.5.11 2.5.11] (Ladon),  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.5.8 3.5.8] (Sphinx), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.5.1 2.5.1] (Nemean lion), ''Epitome'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Epitome:book=E:chapter=1 1.1] (Crommyonian Sow).</ref>

[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]] (1st century BC),<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 151].</ref> in his list of offspring of Typhon (all by Echidna), retains from the above: Cerberus, the Chimera, the Sphinx, the Hydra and Ladon, and adds "Gorgon" (by which Hyginus means the mother of [[Medusa]], whereas Hesiod's three [[Gorgons]], of which Medusa was one, were the daughters of Ceto and Phorcys), the [[Colchian dragon]] that guarded the [[Golden Fleece]]<ref>Compare with [[Apollonius of Rhodes]], ''[[Argonautica]]'', [https://archive.org/stream/argonautica00apoluoft#page/184/mode/2up 2.1208–1215 (pp. 184–185)], where the dragon is the offspring of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] by Typhon (Hošek, p. 678).</ref> and [[Scylla]].<ref>See also [[Virgil]], ''Ciris'' 67; Lyne, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WMf_VULZvLUC&pg=130 pp. 130–131]. Others give other parents for Scylla. Several authors name [[Crataeis]] as the mother of Scylla, see [[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=0C3862DF72BDE338E6D62A24A49FEF27?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D12%3Acard%3D111 12.124–125]; [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D13%3Acard%3D705 13.749]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg002.perseus-eng1:e.7.20 E7.20];  [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]] on [[Virgil]] ''[[Aeneid]]'' 3.420; and schol. on [[Plato]], ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]'' 9.588c. Neither Homer nor Ovid mention a father, but Apollodorus says that the father was Trienus (or [[Triton (mythology)|Triton]]?) or Phorcus, similarly the Plato scholiast, perhaps following Apollodorus, gives the father as Tyrrhenus or Phorcus, while [[Eustathius of Thessalonica|Eustathius]] on Homer, ''Odyssey'' 12.85 gives the father as Triton. The Hesiodic ''[[Megalai Ehoiai]]'' (fr. 262 MW = Most [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-other_fragments/2007/pb_LCL503.277.xml 200]) gives Hecate and [[Phorbas]] as the parents of Scylla, while [[Acusilaus]], fr. 42 Fowler (Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 p. 32]) says that Scylla's parents were [[Hekate]] and [[Phorkys]] (so also schol. ''[[Odyssey]]'' 12.85). [[Apollonius of Rhodes]], ''[[Argonautica]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/argonautica00apoluoft#page/350/mode/2up 4. 828–829 (pp. 350–351)] says that "Hecate who is called Crataeis," and Phorcys were the parents of Scylla. Semos of Delos (''FGrHist'' 396 F 22) says that Crataeis was the daughter of Hekate and Triton, and mother of Scylla by Deimos. [[Stesichorus]], [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/stesichorus_i-fragments/1991/pb_LCL476.133.xml?result=1&rskey=vkJkZt F220 ''PMG'' (Campbell, pp. 132–133)] has Lamia as the mother of Scylla, possibly the [[Lamia (daughter of Poseidon)|Lamia]] who was the daughter of [[Poseidon]]. For discussions of the parentage of Scylla, see Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 p. 32], Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA134 p. 134]; Gantz, pp. 731–732; and Frazer's note to Apollodorus, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg002.perseus-eng1:e.7.20 E7.20].</ref> The [[Harpies]], in Hesiod the daughters of [[Thaumas]] and the [[Oceanids|Oceanid]] [[Electra (Oceanid)|Electra]],<ref>Hesiod, ''[[Theogony]]'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D240 265–269]; so also [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.2.6 1.2.6], and [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface] (though ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html#14 14], gives their parents as Thaumas and Oxomene). In the [[Epimenides]] ''Theogony'' (3B7) they are the daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], while in [[Pherecydes of Syros]] (7B5) they are the daughters of [[Boreas (god)|Boreas]] (Gantz, p. 18).</ref> in one source, are said to be the daughters of Typhon.<ref>[[Gaius Valerius Flaccus|Valerius Flaccus]], ''Argonautica'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus4.html 4.428, 516].</ref>

The sea serpents which attacked the Trojan priest [[Laocoön]], during the [[Trojan War]], were perhaps supposed to be the progeny of Typhon and Echidna.<ref>Hošek, p. 678; see [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica]]'' (or ''Fall of Troy'') [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/518/mode/2up 12.449–453 (pp. 518–519)], where they are called "fearful monsters of the deadly brood of Typhon".</ref> According to Hesiod, the defeated Typhon is the father of destructive storm winds.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D853 869–880], which specifically excludes the winds [[Notus]] (South Wind), [[Anemoi|Boreas]] (North Wind)  and [[Anemoi|Zephyr]] (West Wind) which he says are "a great blessing to men"; West 1966, p. 381; Gantz, p. 49; Ogden 2013a, p. 226.</ref>