Editing Tylenol (brand) (section)

===1982 Chicago Tylenol murders===
{{Main|Chicago Tylenol murders}}
On September 29, 1982, a "Tylenol scare" began when the first of seven individuals died in the [[Chicago metropolitan area]] after ingesting Extra Strength Tylenol that had been deliberately contaminated with [[cyanide]]. Within a week, the company pulled 31 million bottles of tablets back from retailers, making it one of the first major [[product recall]]s in American history.<ref name="nytrecall">{{cite news | last=Rehak | first=Judith | title=Tylenol made a hero of Johnson & Johnson : The recall that started them all | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=March 23, 2002 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/23/your-money/IHT-tylenol-made-a-hero-of-johnson-johnson-the-recall-that-started.html | access-date=July 3, 2019}}</ref>

As a result of the crisis, all Tylenol [[Capsule (pharmacy)|capsules]] were discontinued, as were capsules of other brand names. Retained by McNeil's president, new product consultant Martin Calle of management strategist Calle & Company conceived the world's first [[tamper-resistant]] gelatin-enrobed capsule called "Tylenol Gelcaps",<ref name=":1" /> which proved to resuscitate the 92% of capsule-segment sales lost to the recall.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The tamper-resistant, triple-sealed safety containers were placed on the shelves of retailers ten weeks after the withdrawal, and other manufacturers followed suit. The crisis cost the company more than {{US$|100 million}}, but Tylenol regained 100% of the market share it had before the crisis. 

The Tylenol murderer was never found, (though later James Lewis was a prime suspect<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=James Lewis, prime suspect in unsolved 1982 Tylenol murders case, dies at 76 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/james-lewis-prime-suspect-unsolved-1982-tylenol-murders-case-dies-76-rcna93459 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>) and a {{US$|100,000}} reward offered by [[Johnson & Johnson]] remained unclaimed as of 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=FBI drops 1982 Tylenol murders task force, local police to lead probe |url=https://abc7chicago.com/archive/9265032/ |publisher=ABC |access-date=June 9, 2021 |date=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=James Lewis, prime suspect in unsolved 1982 Tylenol murders case, dies at 76 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/james-lewis-prime-suspect-unsolved-1982-tylenol-murders-case-dies-76-rcna93459 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=James Lewis, suspect in the 1982 Tylenol murders, dies at 76 |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/james-lewis-suspect-in-the-1982-tylenol-murders-dies-at-76 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=PBS NewsHour |language=en-us}}</ref>

Before the poisonings, Tylenol brands held around 35% of the US market for acetaminophen and in the immediate aftermath, fell to 8%. Within a year sales had rebounded to the prior levels.<ref name=PBS/> J&J's handling of the crisis has been widely cited as an example of optimal crisis management.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dezenhall|first=E.|title=Tylenol Can't Cure All Crisis|date=March 17, 2004|access-date=October 8, 2007|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2004-03-17-dezenhall_x.htm | work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref>

These events led to the widespread use of tamper resistance packaging of drugs by drug companies, to the 1982 passage of a US federal law making [[tampering (crime)|tampering]] a crime, and to legislation in 1989 requiring [[Tamper-proof seal|tamper-proof]] packaging.<ref name=PBS>{{cite news|last1=Markel|first1=Howard|title=How the Tylenol murders of 1982 changed the way we consume medication|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/tylenol-murders-1982/|publisher=PBS NewsHour|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref>