Editing Tsar Bomba (section)

=== Product 202 ===
After the successful test of the [[RDS-37]], KB-11 employees (Sakharov, [[Yakov Zeldovich|Zeldovich]], and Dovidenko) performed a preliminary calculation and, on 2 February 1956, they handed over to N.&nbsp;I.&nbsp;Pavlov, a note with the parameters for charges of {{cvt|150|MtonTNT|0}} and the possibility of increasing the power to {{cvt|1|GtonTNT|lk=on|1}}.<ref name=Chernyshev/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://elib.biblioatom.ru/text/atomny-proekt-sssr_t3_kn2_2009/go,440/ |title=Атомный проект СССР Т. 3 Кн. 2, 2009, №192. Записка А. Д. Сахарова, Я. Б. Зельдовича и В. А. Давиденко Н. И. Павлову с оценкой параметров изделий мощностью в 150 мегатонн и один миллиард тонн ТНТ |pages=440–441 |access-date= 10 December 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Атомный проект|2009}} }}</ref>

After the creation in 1955 of the second nuclear center – NII-1011, in 1956, by a resolution of the Council of Ministers, the center was assigned the task of developing an ultra-high-power charge, which was called "Project 202".<ref name=Chernyshev/>

On 12 March 1956, a draft Joint Resolution of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU Central Committee) and the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union on the preparation and testing of the 202 product was adopted. The project planned to develop a version of the RDS-37 with a capacity of {{cvt|30|MtonTNT|0}}.<ref>Президиум ЦК КПСС. 1954–1964. Черновые протокольные записи заседаний. Стенограммы. Постановления. / Гл. ред. А. А. Фурсенко. – М. : Российская политическая энциклопедия (РОССПЭН), 2006. – Т. 2. : Постановления. 1954–1958. – 1120 с.:
Принять проект постановления ЦК КПСС и Совета Министров СССР о подготовке и проведении испытания изделия 202.
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Включить в проект постановления пункты, обязывающие:
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а) Министерство среднего машиностроения (т. Завенягина) и Министерство обороны СССР (т. Жукова) по окончании подготовительных работ к проведению испытания изделия 202 доложить ЦК КПСС о положении дел;
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б) Министерство среднего машиностроения (т. Завенягина) проработать вопрос о введении в конструкцию изделия 202 специальной ступени предохранения, обеспечивающей несрабатывание изделия при отказе парашютной системы, и свои предложения доложить ЦК КПСС.
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Поручить тт. Ванникову и Курчатову окончательную редакцию текста данного постановления.
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RDS-202 was designed with a maximum calculated power release of {{cvt|50|MtonTNT|0}}, with a diameter of {{cvt|2.1|m}}, a length of {{cvt|8|m}}, weighing {{convert|26|t|ST}} with a parachute system and structurally coordinated with the [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tu-95]]-202 carrier aircraft specially converted for its use.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elib.biblioatom.ru/text/kiryushkin_kuzkina-mat_2015/go,9/ |access-date=29 November 2021 |first=V. D. |last=Kiryushkin |title=Кузькиной матери}}</ref> On 6 June 1956, the NII-1011 report described the RDS-202 thermonuclear device with a design power of up to {{cvt|38|MtonTNT|0}} with the required task of {{cvt|20–30|MtonTNT|0}}.{{sfn|Атомный проект|2009|pp=480–482 |loc=№208. [http://elib.biblioatom.ru/text/atomny-proekt-sssr_t3_kn2_2009/go,480/ Отчет НИИ-1011 по обоснованию конструкции и расчетам изделия РДС-202]}} In reality, this device was developed with an estimated power of {{cvt|15|MtonTNT|0}},{{sfn|Атомный проект|2009|pp=492–493 |loc=№215. [http://elib.biblioatom.ru/text/atomny-proekt-sssr_t3_kn2_2009/go,492/ Записка А. П. Завенягина, Б. Л. Ванникова и П. М. Зернова в ЦК КПСС с представлением проекта постановления Президиума ЦК КПСС о переносе срока испытания изделия «202»]}} after testing the products "40GN", "245" and "205" its tests were deemed inappropriate and canceled.<ref name=Chernyshev/>

The Tsar Bomba differs from its parent design – the RN202 – in several places. The Tsar Bomba was a [[Nuclear weapon design#Fission-fusion-fission bombs vs. three-stage (tertiary) bombs|three-stage bomb]] with a Trutnev-Babaev<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.energyglobalnews.com/tsar-bomba-the-most-powerful-human-made-explosive-ever-detonated/ |title=Tsar Bomba – The Most Powerful Human-made Explosive Ever Detonated|date=26 September 2020 |publisher=energy global news: the quest for energy |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> second- and third-stage design,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Андрюшин |first1=И.А. |last2=Чернышев |first2=А.К. |last3=Юдин |first3=Ю.А. |title=Укрощение ядра. Страницы истории ядерного оружия и ядерной инфраструктуры СССР |date=2003 |publisher=Типография «Красный Октябрь» |location=Саров, Саранск |isbn=978-5-7493-0621-7 |pages=481 |url=http://www.atomic-energy.ru/files/books/Ukroschenie%20yadra%20(2005).pdf |access-date=19 April 2015}}</ref> with a [[nuclear weapon yield|yield]] of 50 Mt.<ref name="TsarSize">The yield of the test has been estimated at {{cvt|50|to|58|MtonTNT|lk=on}} by different sources over time. Today all Russian sources use 50 Mt as the official figure. See the section "Was it 50&nbsp;Megatons or 57?" at {{cite web |url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html |title=The Tsar Bomba ("King of Bombs") |access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> This is equivalent to about 1,570&nbsp;times the combined energy of the bombs that [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki]],<ref>{{cite book |last=DeGroot |first=Gerard J. |title=The Bomb: A Life |place=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=2005 |page=254}}</ref> 10&nbsp;times the combined energy of all the conventional explosives used in [[World War II]],<ref name=pbs>{{cite web |title=The World's Biggest Bomb |publisher=[[PBS]] [[Secrets of the Dead]] |date=17 May 2011 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/the-world%E2%80%99s-biggest-bomb-about-this-episode/846/ |access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> one quarter of the estimated yield of the [[1883 eruption of Krakatoa]], and 10% of the combined yield of all other nuclear tests to date. A three-stage hydrogen bomb uses a [[fission bomb]] primary to compress a thermonuclear secondary, as in most hydrogen bombs, and then uses energy from the resulting explosion to compress a much larger additional thermonuclear stage. There is evidence that the Tsar Bomba had several third stages rather than a single very large one.<ref name="Nuclearweaponarchive.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html |title=Tsar Bomba |publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive |access-date=3 November 2007}}</ref> RDS-202 was assembled on the principle of radiation implosion, which was previously tested during the creation of RDS-37. Since it used a much heavier secondary module than in the RDS-37, two primary modules (charges), located on opposite sides of the secondary module, were used to compress it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elib.biblioatom.ru/text/dela-i-gody_2010/go,18/ |access-date=29 November 2021 |title=50-летию КБ-2 РФЯЦ—ВНИИТФ посвящается |last1=Дела |last2=Годы}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://book.sarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Atom-73-2017-2.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://book.sarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Atom-73-2017-2.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=29 November 2021 |title=Его именем назван уральский ядерный центр |last=Болошин |first=Н. П.}}</ref> This physical charging scheme was later used in the design of the AN-602, but the AN-602 thermonuclear charge itself (secondary module) was new. The RDS-202 thermonuclear charge was manufactured in 1956, and was planned for testing in 1957, but was not tested and put into storage. Two years after the manufacture of the RDS-202, in July 1958, it was decided to remove it from storage, dismantle and use automation units and charge parts for experimental work.<ref>Order No. 277 of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building dated 23 May 1957</ref> The CPSU Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a draft Joint Resolution on 12 March 1956, on the preparation and testing of ''izdeliye&nbsp;202'', which read:

{{blockquote|Adopt a draft resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers on the preparation and testing of ''izdeliye&nbsp;202''.
Paragraphs required for inclusion in the draft resolution:

(a) The Ministry of Medium Engineering (Comrade [[Avraami Zavenyagin]]) and the Ministry of Defense of the USSR (Comrade [[Georgy Zhukov]]) at the end of the preparatory work for the test of ''izdeliye&nbsp;202'' to report to the CPSU Central Committee on the situation;

(b) The Ministry of Medium Engineering (Comrade Zavenyagin) to solve the issue of introducing a special stage of protection into the design of ''izdeliye&nbsp;202'' to ensure disarming of the product in the event of a failure of the parachute system, as well as their proposals reported to the CPSU Central Committee.

Comrades [[Boris Vannikov]] and Kurchatov are assigned to edit the final version of this resolution.}}