Editing Trumpet (section)

==Types==
[[File:Trumpeters, Royal Palace, Sarahan, HiP, India.jpg|thumb|250px|Trumpeters, Royal Palace, [[Sarahan]], Himachal Pradesh, India]]
[[File:Tibetan trumpets at Tagthok Gompa, Ladakh. 2010.jpg|thumb|250px|Tibetan trumpets stored at [[Tagthok]] Monastery, Ladakh]]
The most common type is the B{{music|flat}} trumpet, but A, C, D, E{{music|flat}}, E, low F, and G trumpets are also available. The C trumpet is most common in American orchestral playing, where it is used alongside the B{{music|flat}} trumpet. [[Orchestral]] trumpet players are adept at transposing music at sight, frequently playing music written for the A, B{{music|flat}}, D, E{{music|flat}}, E or F trumpet as well as for the B, C{{music|sharp}}, F{{music|sharp}} or G trumpet (which is used more rarely) on the C trumpet or B{{music|flat}} trumpet.

[[File:Trumpet piccolo.jpg|thumb|left|Piccolo trumpet in B{{music|flat}}, with swappable [[leadpipe]]s to tune the instrument to B{{music|flat}} (shorter) or A (longer)]]

The smallest trumpets are referred to as [[piccolo trumpet]]s. The most common models are built to play in both B{{music|flat}} and A, with separate leadpipes for each key. The tubing in the B{{music|flat}} piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B{{music|flat}} trumpet making it sound an octave higher. Piccolo trumpets in G, F and C are also manufactured, but are less common. Almost all piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of three—the fourth valve usually lowers the pitch by a fourth, making some lower notes accessible and creating alternate fingerings for certain [[Trill (music)|trill]]s. [[Maurice André]], [[Håkan Hardenberger]], [[David Mason (trumpet player)|David Mason]], and [[Wynton Marsalis]] are some well-known trumpet players known for their virtuosity on the piccolo trumpet.
[[File:Pocket trumpet.jpg|thumb|Pocket trumpet]]
[[Image:Trumpet in c german.jpg|thumb|Trumpet in C with [[rotary valves]]]]
Trumpets pitched in the key of low G are also called sopranos, or soprano bugles, after their adaptation from military [[bugle (instrument)|bugle]]s. Traditionally used in [[Drum and bugle corps (modern)|drum and bugle corps]], sopranos employ either [[rotary valve]]s or [[piston valve]]s.

The bass trumpet is at the same pitch as a trombone and is usually played by a trombone player,<ref name="elisa1"/> although its music is written in [[treble clef]]. Most bass trumpets are pitched in either C or B{{music|flat}}. The C bass trumpet sounds an [[octave]] lower than written, and the  B{{music|flat}} bass sounds a major ninth (B{{music|flat}}) lower, making them both [[transposing instruments]].

The historical [[slide trumpet]] was probably first developed in the late 14th century for use in [[alta cappella]] wind bands. Deriving from early straight trumpets, the Renaissance slide trumpet was essentially a natural trumpet with a sliding leadpipe. This single slide was awkward, as the entire instrument moved, and the range of the slide was probably no more than a major third. Originals were probably pitched in D, to fit with [[shawm]]s in D and G, probably at a typical pitch standard near A=466&nbsp;Hz. No known instruments from this period survive, so the details—and even the existence—of a Renaissance slide trumpet is a matter of debate among scholars. While there is documentation (written and artistic) of its existence, there is also conjecture that its slide would have been impractical.
Some slide trumpet designs saw use in England in the 18th century.<ref>
{{cite journal
|jstor=899543
|title=JSTOR: Notes, Second Series
|journal=Notes
|volume=54
|issue=2
|pages=484–485
|year=1997
|last1=Lessen
|first1=Martin
|doi=10.2307/899543
|issn=0027-4380}}
</ref>

The [[pocket trumpet]] is a compact B{{music|flat}} trumpet. The bell is usually smaller than a standard trumpet bell and the tubing is more tightly wound to reduce the instrument size without reducing the total tube length. Its design is not standardized, and the quality of various models varies greatly. It can have a unique warm sound and voice-like articulation. Since many pocket trumpet models suffer from poor design as well as poor manufacturing, the intonation, tone color and dynamic range of such instruments are severely hindered. Professional-standard instruments are, however, available. While they are not a substitute for the full-sized instrument, they can be useful in certain contexts. The jazz musician [[Don Cherry (jazz)|Don Cherry]] was renowned for his playing of the pocket instrument.

The tubing of the bell section of a [[fanfare trumpet|herald trumpet]] is straight, making it long enough to accommodate a hanging banner. This instrument is mostly used for ceremonial events such as parades and [[fanfares]].

[[David Monette]] designed the [[flumpet]] in 1989 for jazz musician [[Art Farmer]]. It is a hybrid of a trumpet and a flugelhorn, pitched in B{{music|flat}} and using three piston valves.<ref name="fan2017">{{cite book|last1=Koehler|first1=Elisa|title=Fanfares and Finesse: A Performer's Guide to Trumpet History and Literature|date=2014|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-01179-4|page=55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knrDAgAAQBAJ&q=flumpet+1989&pg=PA55|access-date=7 December 2017}}</ref>

Other variations include [[Rotary valve|rotary-valve]], or German, trumpets (which are commonly used in professional German and Austrian orchestras), alto and [[Baroque trumpet]]s, and the [[Vienna valve]] trumpet (primarily used in Viennese brass ensembles and orchestras such as the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] and [[Mnozil Brass]]).

The trumpet is often confused with its close relative the [[cornet]], which has a more [[cone (geometry)|conical]] tubing shape compared to the trumpet's more [[cylinder (geometry)|cylindrical]] tube. This, along with additional bends in the cornet's tubing, gives the cornet a slightly mellower tone, but the instruments are otherwise nearly identical. They have the same length of tubing and, therefore, the same pitch, so music written for one of them is playable on the other. Another relative, the [[flugelhorn]], has tubing that is even more conical than that of the cornet, and an even mellower tone. It is sometimes supplied with a fourth valve to improve the intonation of some lower notes.