Editing Tristan Tzara (section)

===''Chemarea'' and 1915 departure===
Tzara's career changed course between 1914 and 1916, during a period when the [[Kingdom of Romania|Romanian Kingdom]] kept out of [[World War I]]. In autumn 1915, as founder and editor of the short-lived journal ''Chemarea'', Vinea published two poems by his friend, the first printed works to bear the signature ''Tristan Tzara''.<ref>Cernat, pp. 97, 106, 108–109</ref> At the time, the young poet and many of his friends were adherents of an [[anti-war]] and anti-[[Nationalism|nationalist]] current, which progressively accommodated [[anti-establishment]] messages.<ref>Cernat, pp. 99–108.</ref> ''Chemarea'', which was a platform for this agenda and again attracted collaborations from Chapier, may also have been financed by Tzara and Vinea.<ref name="pcern99"/> According to Romanian avant-garde writer [[Claude Sernet]], the journal was "totally different from everything that had been printed in Romania before that moment."<ref>Cernat, pg. 100</ref> During the period, Tzara's works were sporadically published in Hefter-Hidalgo's ''[[Versuri și Proză]]'', and, in June 1915, [[Constantin Rădulescu-Motru]]'s ''Noua Revistă Română'' published Samyro's known poem ''Verișoară, fată de pension'' ("Little Cousin, Boarding School Girl").<ref name="Cernat, p.108-109"/>

Tzara had enrolled at the [[University of Bucharest]] in 1914, studying mathematics and philosophy, but did not graduate.<ref name="iliv241"/><ref name="ttunifi">{{in lang|it}} [http://www.unifi.it/letrum/CMpro-v-p-1020.html "Tristan Tzara"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605084429/http://www.unifi.it/letrum/CMpro-v-p-1020.html |date=5 June 2011 }}, biographical note in [http://www.unifi.it/letrum/ ''Cronologia della letteratura rumena moderna (1780–1914)'' database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018010504/https://www.clrm.unifi.it/ |date=18 October 2021 }}, at the [[University of Florence]]'s Department of Neo-Latin Languages and Literatures; retrieved 23 April 2008.</ref> In autumn 1915, he left Romania for Zürich, in neutral Switzerland. Janco, together with his brother Jules Janco, had settled there a few months before, and was later joined by his other brother, Georges Janco.<ref>Cernat, pp. 110-111</ref> Tzara, who may have applied to the Faculty of Philosophy at the [[University of Zurich|local university]],<ref name="iliv241"/><ref name="mrdada">Marta Ragozzino, "Tristan Tzara", in ''Art e Dossier'', March 1994, Giunti, pg. 48</ref> shared lodging with Marcel Janco, who was a student at the ''[[ETH Zurich|Technische Hochschule]]'', in the Altinger Guest House<ref>Cernat, pg. 111</ref> (by 1918, Tzara had moved to the Limmatquai Hotel).<ref>Richter, pg. 137</ref> His departure from Romania, like that of the Janco brothers, may have been in part a [[Pacifism|pacifist]] political statement.<ref>Cernat, pg. 132; Livezeanu, pp. 241, 249.</ref> After settling in Switzerland, the young poet almost completely discarded Romanian as his language of expression, writing most of his subsequent works in French.<ref name="ttunifi"/><ref>Răileanu & Carassou, pg. 13</ref> The poems he had written before, which were the result of poetic dialogues between him and his friend, were left in Vinea's care.<ref name="pcern116">Cernat, pg. 116</ref> Most of these pieces were first printed only in the [[interwar period]].<ref name="ttunifi"/><ref>Cernat, pp. 116, 130, 138, 153</ref>

It was in Zürich that the Romanian group met with the [[German Empire|German]] [[Hugo Ball]], an [[Anarchism|anarchist]] poet and pianist, and his young wife [[Emmy Hennings]], a [[music hall]] performer. In February 1916, Ball had rented the [[Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)|Cabaret Voltaire]] from its owner, Jan Ephraim, and intended to use the venue for [[performance art]] and exhibits.<ref>Cernat, pp. 110-111; Hofman, pg. 2; Richter, pp. 12-14.</ref> Hugo Ball recorded this period, noting that Tzara and Marcel Janco, like [[Hans Arp]], [[Arthur Segal (painter)|Arthur Segal]], [[Otto van Rees]], and [[Max Oppenheimer]] "readily agreed to take part in the cabaret".<ref name="Cernat, p.111; Richter, p.14">Cernat, pg. 111; Richter, pg. 14</ref> According to Ball, among the performances of songs mimicking or taking inspiration from various national [[folklore]]s, "Herr Tristan Tzara recited Rumanian poetry<!-- sic -->."<ref>Cernat, pg.111; Gendron, pg. 73; Richter, pg. 14</ref> In late March, Ball recounted, the group was joined by German writer and drummer [[Richard Huelsenbeck]].<ref name="Cernat, p.111; Richter, p.14"/> He was soon after involved in Tzara's "simultaneist verse" performance, "the first in Zürich and in the world", also including renditions of poems by two promoters of [[Cubism]], [[Fernand Divoire]] and [[Henri Barzun]].<ref>Cernat, pg. 111; Richter, pg. 14, 28–30.</ref>