Editing Trieste (section)

===Middle Ages===
In 788, Trieste submitted to [[Charlemagne]], who placed it under the authority of the [[Bishop of Trieste|count-bishop]] who in turn was subject to the Duke of [[Duchy of Friuli|Friùli]].{{cn|date=June 2024}}

During the 13th and 14th centuries, Trieste became a maritime trade rival to the [[Republic of Venice]], which briefly occupied it in 1283–87, before coming under the patronage of the Patriarchate of Aquileia.{{cn|date=September 2024}} After it committed a perceived offence against Venice, the Venetian State declared war against Trieste in July 1368 and by November had occupied the city. Venice intended to keep the city and began rebuilding its defences, but was forced to leave in 1372. Due to the Peace of Turin in 1381, Venice renounced its claim to Trieste and the leading citizens of Trieste petitioned [[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold III]] of [[Habsburg]], Duke of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]], to annex Trieste to his domains. The agreement of voluntary submission (''dedizione'') was signed at the [[Schloßberg (Graz)|castle of Graz]] on 30 September 1382.<ref name="Thaller">{{cite journal|last1=Thaller|first1=Anja|title=Graz 1382 – Ein Wendepunkt der Triestiner Geschichte?|journal=Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Graz|date=2009|volume=38/39|pages=191–221|url=https://www.academia.edu/536492|access-date=6 May 2016|language=de}}</ref>

The city maintained a high degree of autonomy under the Habsburgs, but was increasingly losing ground as a trade hub, both to Venice and to [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]]. In 1463, a number of Istrian communities petitioned Venice [[Siege of Trieste (1463)|to attack Trieste]]. Trieste was saved from utter ruin by the intervention of [[Pope Pius II]] who had previously been bishop of [[Bishopric of Trieste|Trieste]]. However, Venice limited Trieste's territory to {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in|abbr=off}} outside the city. Trieste would be assaulted again in 1468–1469 by Holy Roman [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick III]]. His sack of the city is remembered as the "Destruction of Trieste."<ref>Giulipaola Ruaro, ''Strolling Around Trieste'', (Trieste: Edizioni Fachin, 1986), 11</ref> He then restored the city walls for the fourth time.<ref name="EB1911"/> Trieste was fortunate to be spared another sack in 1470 by the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] who burned the village of [[Prosecco (Trieste)|Prosecco]], only about {{convert|5.3|mi|km|1|abbr=off}} from Trieste, while on their way to attack [[Friuli]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Centro di ricerche storiche Centar za povijesna istraživanja Središče za zgodovinska raziskovanja | website=CRS | url=https://crsrv.org/editoria/atti/atti-xxxi/antonio-miculian-le-incursioni-dei-turchi-e-le-fortezze-veneziane-in-friuli-e-in-istria-nel-quadro-dell-organizzazione-militare-di-terraferma-nel-xvi-secolo | language=it | access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref>
 [[File:Mesto Trst-Valvasor-2.jpg|thumb|left|Trieste in the 17th century, in a contemporary image by the [[Carniola]]n historian [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]]]]