Editing Transatlantic communications cable (section)

==Private cable routes==
There are a number of private non-TAT cables.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Cable name
! Ready for service
! Cable length (km)
! Nominal capacity
! Latency (ms)
! Landing points
! Owner
|-
| [[Gemini (submarine communications cable)|Gemini]] (decommissioned)
| May 1998
|
|
| under 100 ms
| north: [[Charlestown, Rhode Island|Charlestown]], [[United States|US]]-[[Rhode Island|RI]]; [[Oxwich Bay]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[Wales|WLS]]; south: [[Manasquan, New Jersey|Manasquan]], [[United States|US]]-[[New Jersey|NJ]]; [[Porthcurno]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]
| [[Vodafone]] (originally [[Cable & Wireless Worldwide|Cable & Wireless]])
|-
| [[AC-1 (cable system)|AC-1]]
| May 1998
| 14,301 km
| 120 Gbit/s
| 65 ms<ref name="telegraph1"/>
| [[Brookhaven, New York|Brookhaven]], [[United States|US]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]; [[Whitesands Bay]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]; [[Beverwijk]], [[Netherlands|NL]]-[[North Holland|NH]]; [[Sylt]], [[Germany|DE]]-[[Schleswig-Holstein|SH]]
| [[Lumen Technologies]] (originally Global Crossing)
|-
| [[Columbus III]]
| December 1999
| 9,833 km
|
|
| [[Hollywood, Florida|Hollywood]], [[United States|US]]-[[Florida|FL]]; [[Ponta Delgada]] ([[Azores]]), [[Portugal|PT]]; [[Carcavelos]], [[Portugal|PT]]; [[Conil de la Frontera]], [[Spain|ES]]-[[Andalusia|AN]]; [[Mazara del Vallo]] ([[Sicily]]), [[Italy|IT]]
| various telecom operators
|-
| [[Yellow (cable system)|Yellow/AC-2]]
| September 2000
| 7,001 km
| 640 Gbit/s
| under 100 ms
| [[Bellport, New York|Bellport]], [[United States|US]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]; [[Bude]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]
| [[Lumen Technologies]]
|-
| [[Hibernia Atlantic]]
| April 2001
| 12,200 km
| 320 Gbit/s, upgraded to 10.16&nbsp;Tbit/s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=180473|title=Hibernia Offers Cross-Atlantic 40G|publisher=Light Reading|date=August 13, 2009}}</ref>
| 59 ms<ref name="telegraph1"/>
| [[Lynn, Massachusetts|Lynn]], [[United States|US]]-[[Massachusetts|MA]]; [[Herring Cove, Nova Scotia|Herring Cove]], [[Canada|CA]]-[[Nova Scotia|NS]]; [[Dublin]], [[Ireland|IE]]-[[Leinster|L]]; [[Southport]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]; [[Coleraine]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[Northern Ireland|NIR]]
| [[GTT Communications, Inc.]] (originally [[Hibernia Networks]])
|-
| [[Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe|FLAG Atlantic]]
| June 2001
| 14,500 km
|
| under 100 ms
| [[Island Park, New York|Island Park]], [[United States|US]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]; [[Plerin]], [[France|FR]]-[[Brittany|BRE]]; [[Skewjack]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]; [[Northport, New York|Northport]], [[United States|US]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]
| Global Cloud Xchange ([[Reliance Communications]])
|-
| [[TGN Atlantic|Tata TGN-Atlantic]]
| June 2001
| 13,000 km
| 5.1 Tbit/s
| under 100 ms
| [[Wall Township, New Jersey|Wall Township]], [[United States|US]]-[[New Jersey|NJ]]; [[Highbridge, Somerset|Highbridge]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]
| Sold by [[Tyco International|Tyco]] to [[Tata Communications]] in 2005
|-
| [[Apollo (submarine communications cable)|Apollo]]
| February 2003
| 13,000 km
| 3.2 Tbit/s
| under 100 ms
| [[Manasquan, New Jersey]], [[United States|US]]-[[New Jersey|NJ]]; [[Lannion]], [[France|FR]]-[[Brittany|BRE]]; [[Bude]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]; [[Shirley, New York|Shirley]], [[United States|US]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]
| [[Vodafone]] (originally [[Cable & Wireless Worldwide|Cable & Wireless]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcc.gov/document/submarine-cable-actions-taken-pn-5|title=Submarine Cable Actions Taken PN|publisher=FCC|date=October 4, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Greenland Connect]]
| March 2009
| 4,780 km
|
|
| [[Milton, Newfoundland and Labrador|Milton]], [[Canada|CA]]-[[Newfoundland and Labrador|NL]]; [[Aasiaat]], [[Greenland|GL]]-[[Qaasuitsup|QA]]; [[Sisimiut]], [[Greenland|GL]]-[[Qeqqata|QE]]; [[Maniitsoq]], [[Greenland|GL]]-[[Qeqqata|QE]]; [[Nuuk]], [[Greenland|GL]]-[[Sermersooq|SM]]; [[Qaqortoq]], [[Greenland|GL]]-[[Kujalleq|KU]]; [[Landeyjar]], [[Iceland|IS]]
| [[TELE Greenland]]
|-
| [[Hibernia Express]]
| September 2015
| 4,600 km
|
|
| [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Canada|CA]]-[[Nova Scotia|NS]]; [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland|IE]]-[[Munster|M]]; [[Brean]], [[United Kingdom|GB]]-[[England|ENG]]
| [[GTT Communications, Inc.]] (originally [[Hibernia Networks]])
|-
| [[AEConnect]] (AEC-1)
| January 2016
| 5,522 km
| 4 × 10 Tbit/s (four strand 100 × 100&nbsp;Gbit/s)
| 54 ms
| [[Shirley, New York|Shirley]], [[United States|US]]-[[New York (state)|NY]]; [[Killala]], [[Ireland|IE]]-[[Connacht|C]]
| [http://www.aquacomms.com/ Aqua Comms]
|-
| [[MAREA]]
| February 2018
| 6,600 km
| 160 Tbit/s
|
| [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]], [[United States|US]]-[[Virginia|VA]]; [[Bilbao]], [[Spain|ES]]-[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|PV]]
| [[Facebook]] (25 %), [[Microsoft]] (25 %), [[Telefónica]] (50 %)
|-
| [[Midgardsormen]]
| Q2 2019 (planned)
| 7,848 km
|
|
| [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]], [[United States|US]]-[[Virginia|VA]]; [[Blaabjerg]], [[Denmark|DK]]; [[Mo i Rana]], [[Norway|NO]]
| [http://midgardsormen.net/ Midgardsormen]
|-
|[[Dunant (submarine communications cable)|Dunant]]
|September 2020 (live)
|6,400km
|250 Tbit/s
|
|[[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]], [[United States|US]]-[[Virginia|VA]]; [[Saint-Hilaire-de-Riez]], [[France|FR]]
|[[Google]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/24/how-google-is-building-its-huge-subsea-cable-infrastructure/|title=How Google is building its huge subsea cable infrastructure|last=Sawers|first=Paul|date=April 24, 2019|website=VentureBeat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425163121/https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/24/how-google-is-building-its-huge-subsea-cable-infrastructure/|archive-date=April 25, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5google.com/2019/04/05/google-dunant-undersea-fiber-cable/|title=Google's Dunant trans-Atlantic cable will deliver record-breaking capacity w/ first use of SDM tech|last=Li|first=Abner|date=April 5, 2019|website=[[9to5Google]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425163227/https://9to5google.com/2019/04/05/google-dunant-undersea-fiber-cable/|archive-date=April 25, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Havfrue]], including America Europe Connect-2 (AEC-2) branch
| December 2020
| 7,851km
| 108 Tbit/s
|
| [[New Jersey]], [[United States|US]]; [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|RoI]]; [[London]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]; [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands|NL]]; [[Blaabjerg]], [[Denmark|DK]]; [[Kristiansand]], [[Norway|NO]] 
|[[AquaCommms]], Bulk Infrastructure, [[Facebook]] and [[Google]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aqua-comms-plans-havfrue-transatlantic-cable-network-funded-by-facebook-google/|title=Aqua Comms plans Havfrue, transatlantic cable network funded by Facebook, Google|work=Data Center Dynamics|date=January 16, 2018|author=Tanwen Dawn-Hiscox}}</ref> 
|-
|[[Grace Hopper (submarine communications cable)|Grace Hopper]]
| September 2022
| 6,000km
|352 Tbit/s
|
|[[New York City|New York]], [[United States|US]]; [[Bude]], [[UK]]; [[Bilbao]], [[Spain]]
|[[Google]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure/announcing-googles-grace-hopper-subsea-cable-system|title=Announcing the Grace Hopper subsea cable, linking the U.S., U.K. and Spain|last=Koley |first=Vikash|date=July 28, 2020|website=Google Cloud}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/28/google-is-building-a-new-private-subsea-cable-between-europe-and-the-u-s/|title=Google is building a new private subsea cable between Europe and the US|last=Lardinois|first=Frederick|date=July 28, 2020|website=TechCrunch}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitié (submarine communications cable)|Amitié]]
| July 2023
| 6,600km
|320 Tbit/s
|
| [[Lynn, Massachusetts]], [[United States|US]]; [[Bude]], [[UK]]; [[Le Porge]], [[France]]
| A consortium comprising Facebook, Microsoft, Aqua Comms, Vodafone (through Cable & Wireless Americas Systems), Orange<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.totaltele.com/508575/Orange-landing-the-transatlantic-Amiti-cable|title=Orange landing the transatlantic Amitié cable|work=TotalTele|date=8 February 2021}}</ref>
|}