Editing Tivoli, Lazio (section)

===Middle Ages===
From the tenth century onwards, Tivoli, as an independent commune governed by its elected consuls, was the fiercest rival of Rome in the struggle for the control over the impoverished central Lazio. Emperor [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]] conquered it in 1001, and Tivoli fell under the [[Papal States|papal]] control. Tivoli however managed to keep a level of independence until the 15th century: symbols of the city's strength were the Palace of Arengo, the ''Torre del Comune'' and the church of St. Michael, all built in this period, as well as the new line of walls (authorized in 1155), needed to house the increasing population. Reminders of the internal turbulence of communal life are the tower houses that may be seen in Vicolo dei Ferri, Via di Postera, Via del Seminario and Via del Colle.

In the 13th century Rome imposed a tribute on the city, and gave itself the right to appoint a count to govern it in conjunction with the local consuls. In the fourteenth century, Tivoli sided with the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelphs]] and strongly supported [[Pope Urban VI|Urban VI]] against [[Antipope Clement VII]]. King [[Ladislaus of Naples]] was twice repulsed from the city, as was the [[Condottieri|condottiero]] [[Braccio da Montone]].

In the city there was also a [[Jewish community of Tivoli|Jewish community]].<ref>''Lazio Itinerari ebraici''.</ref><ref>Sebastiani, ''Viaggio a Tivoli'', p. 108.</ref>

[[File:Rocca Pia et amphithéatre de Bleso.JPG|thumb|The castle of Rocca Pia, built in 1461 by [[Pope Pius II]], and the Roman  amphitheatre]]