Editing Times New Roman (section)

==Metal type versions==
A large number of variants of Times were cut during the metal type period, in particular [[headline]] weights and families of titling capitals for [[headline]]s.{{sfn|Williamson|1956|p=39}}{{sfn|Hutt|1960|pp=106-108}} Walter Tracy in ''Letters of Credit'', Allen Hutt and others have discussed these extensively in their works on the family.{{sfn|Hutt|1970|p=270}}{{sfn|Tracy|2003|p=207}}{{sfn|Hutt|1960|pp=106-108}} (Morison felt in 1953 that the most important part of ''The Times'''s redesign that introduced Times New Roman was not the body text at all, but introducing headline fonts that matched the text type.{{sfn|Morison|1953|pp=70-71}})

===Titling===
Monotype created some caps-only titling designs to match Times New Roman itself.<ref name="The Times: New roman and related founts." /> These are not sold by Monotype in digital format, although Linotype's Times Eighteen in the same style (see below) is.<ref name="Linotype Times Eighteen" />

===Times Hever Titling===
[[File:Times Hever Titling.jpg|thumb|right|Times Hever Titling from a Monotype specimen.]]
An elegant titling caps design, quite different from Times New Roman with a [[Caslon|Caslon-style]] A (with a serif at top left of the letter, suggesting a stroke written with a quill) and old-style C and W; Tracy suggests Monotype's previous [[Bembo|Poliphilus]] design as an influence.{{sfn|Tracy|2003|p=208}} Named after [[Hever Castle]], the home of the ''Times''' owner [[John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever|Lord Astor]] and designed early on, it was used by the ''Times'' for headings in the lighter sections such as [[Society reporting|society pages]], arts and fashion.{{sfn|Tracy|2003|p=207}}<ref name="Comments on Typophile thread Savoie Hudson">{{cite web|last1=Savoie|first1=Alice|last2=Hudson|first2=John|title=Comments on Typophile thread |url=http://typophile.com/node/101099 |website=Typophile |access-date=16 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717150729/http://typophile.com/node/101099 |archive-date=17 July 2014 }}</ref> It has not been digitised.

===Times Wide (1938, series 427)===
A variant intended for book printing, avoiding the slight condensation of the original Times New Roman.<ref name="Monotype Recorder first showing">{{cite journal|title=Typographic Problems of the Illustrated Book|journal=Monotype Recorder|date=1938|volume=37|issue=2|page=31|url=http://www.metaltype.co.uk/downloads/mr/mr_37_2.pdf|quote=Some types look larger, size for size, than others, because they have unusually short descenders and ascenders. This allows more room for the [[X-height|'x' or the middle part of the lower-case]] [but] a 'large x' is bound to waste space ''horizontally''...the imperceptible condensation of Monotype Times New Roman puts it in a class by itself as a news face. In the wider book measure, however, condensation is no asset.}}</ref> Although it was popular in the metal type period for book printing, it was apparently never digitised. Monotype also created a version, series 627, with long descenders more appropriate to classic book typography.{{sfn|Williamson|1956|p=102}} Optional [[text figures]] were also available.<ref name="Effra composition matrices">{{cite web |title=Composition matrices |url=https://shop.effrapress.co.uk/composition-matrices/ |publisher=Effra Press |access-date=10 April 2020 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030620/https://shop.effrapress.co.uk/composition-matrices/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Series 727 and 827===
Monotype also produced Series 727, in which the heavier strokes of upper-case letters were made slightly thinner.<ref name="Monotype Recorder issue 3 1956" /> This was done to produce a lighter effect in which capital letters do not stand out so much, and was particularly intended for [[German nouns|German use]], since in the German language capitals are far more common since they appear at the start of each noun.<ref name="Monotype Recorder issue 3 1956" /> Series 827 modified some letters (notably the ''R'') to correspond to their appearance in other typefaces popular in French printing. This production of what are now called [[stylistic alternates]] to suit national tastes was common at the time, and many alternates were also offered for [[Gill Sans#Development|Gill Sans]] for use in Europe.<ref name="Monotype Recorder issue 3 1956">{{cite journal|title=Modifications and extensions of a single series|journal=Monotype Recorder|date=1956|volume=40|issue=3|page=14|url=http://www.metaltype.co.uk/downloads/mr/mr_40_3.pdf|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>

===Claritas (1951)===
A modified 4{{frac|3|4}} point size of Times Roman was produced by Monotype for use in printing matter requiring a very small size of type.{{sfn|Morison|1953|p=72}} Listed as Times Newspaper Smalls, available as either Series 333 or 335, it was also referred to by the name Claritas.<ref name="Changing the Times" />

===Times 4-line Mathematics Series 569===
This is a variant designed for printing mathematical formulae, using the 4‑line system for mathematics developed by Monotype in 1957.<ref name="The Monotype 4-Line System for Setting Mathematics">{{cite web |last1=Rhatigan |first1=Daniel |title=The Monotype 4-Line System for Setting Mathematics |url=http://typeculture.com/academic-resource/articles-essays/the-monotype-4-line-system-for-setting-mathematics/ |website=Type Culture |access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="Three typefaces for mathematics">{{cite web|last1=Rhatigan|first1=Daniel|title=Three typefaces for mathematics|url=http://ultrasparky.org/school/pdf/DanielRhatigan_Dissertation.pdf|publisher=[[University of Reading]] (MA thesis)|access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> This modified version of Times Roman was designed for use as part of Monotype's 4-line Mathematics system. The major changes to the Times Roman typeface itself were a reduction in the slope of italic characters to 12 degrees from 16 degrees, so as to reduce the need for kerning, and a change in the form of italic 'v' and 'w' so that italic 'v' could be more easily distinguished from a Greek [[Nu (letter)|nu]].<ref name="The Monotype 4-Line System for Setting Mathematics"/>

The 4-line system involved casting characters for 10-point Times Roman on 6-point [[Body (typography)|bodies]]. The top of the character would overhang the slug, forming a [[kern (typography)|kern]] which was less fragile than the normal kerns of foundry type, as it was on a slab of cast metal. This technique had been in previous use on Monotype machines, usually involving double-height matrices, to allow the automatic setting of "advertising figures" (numbers that occupy two or more lines, usually to clearly indicate a price in an advertisement set in small type). This meant that the same matrix could be used for both superscript and subscript numbers. More importantly, it allowed a variable or other item to have both a superscript and a subscript at the same time, one above the other, without inordinate difficulty.<ref name="The Monotype 4-Line System for Setting Mathematics"/>

Previously, while the Monotype system, due to its flexibility, was widely used for setting mathematical formulas, Monotype's Modern Series 7 was usually used for this purpose.{{sfn|Williamson|1956|p=97}}<ref name="Printing of Mathematics">{{cite book |last1=Chaundy |first1=Theodore William |last2=Barrett |first2=P. R. |last3=Batey |first3=Charles |author-link1=Theodore William Chaundy |title=The Printing of Mathematics: Aids for Authors and Editors and Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford |date=1954 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford}}</ref> Because of the popularity of Times Roman at the time, Monotype chose to design a variant of Times Roman suited to mathematical composition, and recut many additional characters needed for mathematics, including special symbols as well as Greek and Fraktur alphabets, to accompany the system instead of designing it around the typeface that was being used, for which characters were already available.<ref name="The Monotype 4-Line System for Setting Mathematics" /> Matrices for some 700 characters were available as part of Times Roman Series 569 when it was released in 1958, with new characters constantly being added for over a decade afterwards (thus, in 1971, 8,000 characters were included, and new ones were being added at a rate of about 5 per week).<ref name="The Monotype 4-Line System for Setting Mathematics" />

=== Others ===
''The Times'' also used a [[sans-serif]] [[wood type]] for printing newbills which had no connection to Times New Roman. It was similar to [[Kabel (typeface)|Kabel Bold Condensed]].<ref name="Righyni">{{cite journal |last1=Righyni |first1=S. L. |title=News Bills: A Retrospectus |journal=Alphabet & Image |date=1946 |issue=2 |pages=34–49}}</ref>

Besides Monotype versions, Times New Roman was also available in metal type from [[Mergenthaler Linotype Company|Linotype]], discussed below, and [[Intertype Corporation|Intertype]].{{sfn|Morison|1953|p=68}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Intertype Times Roman |publisher=Lettergieterij "Amsterdam" |location=Amsterdam}}</ref>{{efn|Crutchley noted being told in 1948 by [[Rampant Lions Press|Will Carter]] that Intertype were not keen to offer an Intertype version of Times because "Monotype have made such a splash of Times and Intertype don't want to look like mere copycats".{{sfn|Crutchley|1990|p=129}}}}
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