Editing Tijuana (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Tijuana in the 1920's.jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Tijuana in the 1920s]]

In 1911, during the [[Mexican Revolution]], revolutionaries claiming loyalty to [[Ricardo Flores Magón]] took over the city for shortly over a month. Federal troops then arrived. Assisted by the "defensores de Tijuana", they routed the revolutionaries, who fled north and were promptly arrested by the [[United States Army]].

The [[Panama–California Exposition]] of 1915 brought many visitors to the nearby California city of San Diego. Tijuana attracted these tourists with a ''Feria Típica Mexicana'' – Typical Mexican Fair. This included curio shops, regional food, thermal baths, horse racing and boxing.

The first professional race track opened in January 1916, just south of the border gate. It was almost immediately destroyed by the great "[[Charles Hatfield|Hatfield rainmaker]]" flood of 1916. Rebuilt in the general area, it ran horse races until the new [[Agua Caliente Racetrack|Agua Caliente]] track opened in 1929, several miles south and across the river on higher ground.

Legal drinking and gambling attracted U.S. nationals in the 1920s during [[prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. The [[Avenida Revolución]] area became the city's tourist center, with casinos and the Hotel Caesar's, birthplace of the [[Caesar salad]].

In 1925, the city by presidential decree changed its name to ''Ciudad Zaragoza'', but its name reverted to ''Tijuana'' in 1929.

[[File:EscuelaAlvaroObregon1930.JPG|thumb|left|[[Álvaro Obregón]] School in 1930]]

In 1928, the [[Agua Caliente Touristic Complex]] was opened, including hotel, spa, dog-track, private airport, golf course and gambling casino. A year later, the new Agua Caliente Racetrack joined the complex. During the eight years it operated, the Agua Caliente hotel, casino and spa achieved a near mythical status, with Hollywood stars and gangsters flying in and playing. [[Rita Hayworth]] was discovered there. Musical nightclub productions were broadcast over the radio. A singer known as "la Faraona" got shot in a love-triangle and gave birth to the myth of a beautiful lady ghost. Remnants of the Agua Caliente casino can be seen in the outdoor swimming pool and the "minarete" (actually a former incinerator chimney) nearby the southern end of Avenida Sanchez Taboada, on the grounds of what is now the Lázaro Cárdenas educational complex. A replica of the iconic bell tower (which once stood at the resort entrance) now stands at the beginning of Boulevard Agua Caliente, about two miles west of the old resort.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Curry|first=Maria E|date=May–June 2020|title=Replica for an Agua Caliente's still-standing monument in Tijuana creates controversy|url=http://www.sohosandiego.org/enews/0520mariatower.htm|website=Save Our Heritage Organisation}}</ref>

In 1935, President Cárdenas decreed an end to gambling and casinos in Baja California, and the Agua Caliente complex faltered, then closed. In 1939, it was reopened as a junior high school (now, Preparatoria Lázaro Cárdenas). The buildings themselves were torn down in the 1970s and replaced by modern scholastic architecture.

[[File:Agua Caliente Tower, Tijuana 1951 (34996773976) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Agua Caliente Casino and Hotel|Agua Caliente Casino]] in 1951]]

With increased tourism and a large number of Mexican citizens relocating to Tijuana, the city's population grew from 21,971 to 65,364 between 1940 and 1950. With the decline of nightlife and tourism in the 1950s, the city restructured its tourist industry, by promoting a more family-oriented scene. Tijuana developed a greater variety of attractions and activities to offer its visitors.

In 1965, the Mexican federal government launched the Border Industrialization Program to attract foreign investment. Tijuana and other border cities became attractive for foreign companies to open [[maquiladoras]] (factories),<ref>''The Human Race: Escaping From History''. Employee turnover is also relatively high, p. 52.</ref> and the Tijuana economy started to diversify. Manufacturing jobs attracted workers from other parts of Mexico and the city's population grew from less than half a million in 1980 to almost 1 million in 1985.

In 1972, work began on the first [[Channelization (rivers)|concrete channeling]] of the [[Tijuana River]]; previously the river would flood across a wide plain east and southeast of downtown, inundating an area of cardboard and metal shacks called ''Cartolandia'' (“Paperland”). The project removed the shacks and added 1.8 million sq. m. of usable land, on which the [[Zona Río]] was built. With the 1981 opening of the [[Plaza Río Tijuana]] mall and the 1982 [[Tijuana Cultural Center]] (CECUT), Zona Río became the new commercial center of a modern Tijuana, and with its new boulevards with monument-filled ''glorietas'' (roundabouts), reminiscent of the grand [[Paseo de la Reforma]] in Mexico City, the city created the new image and allure of a modern, large city, rather than just a border town focused on tourism and vice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.el-mexicano.com.mx/informacion/suplementos/2/40/identidad/2011/01/23/450718/historia-de-las-inundaciones-en-tijuana |title=2011-01-23 - Historia de las inundaciones en Tijuana |website=www.el-mexicano.com.mx |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930061214/http://www.el-mexicano.com.mx/informacion/suplementos/2/40/identidad/2011/01/23/450718/historia-de-las-inundaciones-en-tijuana |archive-date=30 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.sandiegoreader.com/news/2000/mar/09/feature-tijuana-aztec-high-tech/|title=Tijuana architecture: from Aztec to high tech|website=M.sandiegoreader.com|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090523/https://m.sandiegoreader.com/news/2000/mar/09/feature-tijuana-aztec-high-tech/|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1994, [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]] presidential candidate [[Luis Donaldo Colosio]] was assassinated in Tijuana while making an appearance in the plaza of Lomas Taurinas, a neighborhood nestled in a valley near Centro. The shooter was caught and imprisoned, but doubts remain about who the mastermind might have been.