Editing Theodor Nöldeke (section)

=== Chronology of the Quran<!--'Nöldeke Chronology' redirects here--> ===
The [[List of chapters in the Quran|Nöldeke Chronology]] is a "canonical ordering" of the 114 [[surahs]] of the Qur'an according to the sequence of revelation.  Intended to aid theological, literary, and historical scholarship of Qur'anic exegesis by enhancing structural coherence.{{sfn|Ernst|2011|p=43}} The Nöldeke Chronology has been adopted for general guidance by some schools of current scholarship.{{sfn|Böwering|2008|p=73}}  Nöldeke considered the surahs from the perspective of content and stylistic development and linguistic origination to rearrange them in historical sequence of revelation. According to his system Sura 21: “The Prophets,” – 21st of 114 surahs in the Qur'an – is renumbered '65'. His chronology further divided the surahs into two periods: The Meccan (in three phases), and the Medina.

'''The Nöldeke Chronology of the Qur'an''': Four groups of the 114 Surahs:
*Group 1. First [[Muhammad in Mecca|Meccan Period]] (48 Surahs): [[Surah 96|Surahs 96]]; [[Surah 74|74]]; [[Surah 111|111]]; [[Surah 106|106]]; [[Surah 108|108]]; [[Surah 104|104]]; [[Surah 107|107]]; [[Surah 102|102]]; [[Surah 105|105]]; [[Surah 92|92]]; [[Surah 90|90]]; [[Surah 94|94]]; [[Surah 93|93]]; [[Surah 97|97]]; [[Surah 86|86]]; [[Surah 91|91]]; [[Surah 80|80]]; [[Surah 68|68]]; [[Surah 87|87]]; [[Surah 95|95]]; [[Surah 103|103]]; [[Surah 85|85]]; [[Surah 73|73]]; [[Surah 101|101]]; [[Surah 99|99]]; [[Surah 82|82]]; [[Surah 81|81]]; [[Surah 53|53]]; [[Surah 84|84]]; [[Surah 100|100]]; [[Surah 79|79]]; [[Surah 77|77]]; [[Surah 78|78]]; [[Surah 88|88]]; [[Surah 89|89]]; [[Surah 75|75]]; [[Surah 83|83]]; [[Surah 69|69]]; [[Surah 51|51]]; [[Surah 52|52]]; [[Surah 56|56]]; [[Surah 70|70]]; [[Surah 55|55]]; [[Surah 112|112]]; [[Surah 109|109]]; [[Surah 113|113]]; [[Surah 114|114]]; [[Surah 1|1]]
*Group 2. [[Second Meccan Period]] (21 Surahs): 54; 37; 71; 76; 44; 50; 20; 26; 15; 19; 38; 36; 43; 72; 67; 23; 21; 25; 17; 27; 18
*Group 3. [[Third Meccan Period]] (21 Surahs): 32; 41; 45; 16; 30; 11; 14; 12; 40; 28; 39; 29; 31; 42; 10; 34; 35; 7; 46; 6; 13
*Group 4. [[Muhammad in Medina|Medinan Period]] (24 Surahs): 2; 98; 64; 62; 8; 47; 3; 61; 57; 4; 65; 59; 33; 63; 24; 58; 22; 48; 66; 60; 110; 49; 9; 5