Editing The Silence of the Lambs (film) (section)

==Production==
===Development===
The movie is based on the [[The Silence of the Lambs (novel)|1988 novel]] by [[Thomas Harris]]. It was the second film to feature the character Hannibal Lecter; the first, ''[[Manhunter (film)|Manhunter]]'' (1986), directed by [[Michael Mann]], was based on the first novel in the Lecter series, [[Red Dragon (novel)|''Red Dragon'']] (1981). Prior to the release of the ''Silence of the Lambs'' novel, [[Orion Pictures]] partnered with [[Gene Hackman]] to adapt it for film. With Hackman set to direct and possibly star in as FBI agent [[Jack Crawford (character)|Jack Crawford]], negotiations were made to split the $500,000 cost of rights between Hackman and the studio.{{sfn|Tiech|2012|p=63}} The producers also had to acquire the rights to the Lecter character, which were owned by ''Manhunter'' producer [[Dino De Laurentiis]]. Owing to the financial failure of ''Manhunter'', De Laurentiis lent the rights to Orion for free.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Bernstein|first=Jill|title=How Ridley Scott's Hannibal came to be made|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/feb/09/culture.features|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|access-date=March 13, 2014|date=February 8, 2001|archive-date=May 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509215716/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/feb/09/culture.features|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 1987, [[Ted Tally]] was brought on to write the adaptation;{{sfn|Medavoy|2013|p=183}} Tally had crossed paths with Harris many times, with his interest in adapting ''The Silence of the Lambs'' originating from receiving an advance copy of the book from Harris.{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=459}} When Tally was about halfway through with the first draft, Hackman withdrew from the project and financing fell through. However, Orion co-founder [[Mike Medavoy]] encouraged Tally to keep writing as the studio took care of financing and searched for a replacement director.{{sfn|Engel|1995|p=110}} Orion sought Jonathan Demme to direct. With the screenplay not yet completed, Demme signed on after reading the novel.{{sfn|Kapsis|2008|pages=71–75}} From there, the project developed quickly; Tally said: "[Demme] read my first draft not long after it was finished, and we met. Then I was just startled by the speed of things. We met in May 1989 and were shooting in November. I don't remember any big revisions."{{sfn|Scott|2006|p=17}}

===Casting===
[[Jodie Foster]] was interested in playing FBI agent Clarice Starling immediately after reading the novel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Anubhuti  |date=June 14, 2023 |title=20 Best suspense movies as per IMDb that will keep you hooked |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/hollywood/20-best-suspense-movies-as-per-imdb-1191210 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |access-date=July 20, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221193233/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/hollywood/20-best-suspense-movies-as-per-imdb-1191210 |archive-date=December 21, 2022}}</ref> However, despite having just won an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her performance in ''[[The Accused (1988 film)|The Accused]]'' (1988) at the [[61st Academy Awards]], Demme was not initially convinced that she was right for the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Total Film Interview – Jodie Foster|url=http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-total-film-interview-jodie-foster|work=[[Total Film]] |location=Bath, England|access-date=March 14, 2014|date=December 1, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314224107/http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-total-film-interview-jodie-foster|archive-date=March 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Cindy|title=Mindhole Blowers: 20 Facts About The Silence of the Lambs That Might Make You Crave a Nice Chianti|url=http://www.pajiba.com/seriously_random_lists/mindhole-blowers-20-facts-about-the-silence-of-the-lambs-that-might-make-you-crave-a-nice-chianti.php|work=Pajiba|access-date=March 14, 2014|date=February 27, 2012|archive-date=March 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314223019/http://www.pajiba.com/seriously_random_lists/mindhole-blowers-20-facts-about-the-silence-of-the-lambs-that-might-make-you-crave-a-nice-chianti.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Having just collaborated on ''[[Married to the Mob]]'' (1988), Demme's first choice for the role of Starling was [[Michelle Pfeiffer]], who turned it down, later saying, "It was a difficult decision, but I got nervous about the subject matter."<ref name=bws>The Barbara Walters Special, American Broadcasting Company, 1992</ref> He then approached [[Meg Ryan]], who also turned it down for its gruesome themes. The studio was skeptical about [[Laura Dern]] as a bankable choice,<ref>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Cindy|title='Silence of the Lambs' director admits he didn't want to cast Jodie Foster|url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/silence-of-the-lambs-director-admits-he-didn-t-wa-874781|work=[[NME]] |location=London|access-date=March 14, 2018|date=April 2, 2015|archive-date=January 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115195748/http://www.nme.com/news/film/silence-of-the-lambs-director-admits-he-didn-t-wa-874781|url-status=live}}</ref> so Foster was ultimately awarded the role due to her passion for the character.<ref>{{cite web|last=Maslin|first=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=How to Film a Gory Story With Restraint|url=https://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/lambs-ar3.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York City|access-date=March 14, 2014|date=February 19, 1991|url-access=limited|archive-date=January 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117080955/http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/lambs-ar3.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Molly Ringwald]] auditioned but was deemed "too young".<ref>[https://variety.com/2024/film/actors/molly-ringwald-brat-pack-the-bear-feud-creative-vanguard-award-1235957763/ Molly Ringwald Felt Limited by 'Brat Pack' Label, But 'The Bear' and 'Feud' Roles Excite Her for What's Next]</ref>

For the role of Lecter, Demme originally approached [[Sean Connery]]. After Connery turned it down, [[Anthony Hopkins]] was offered the role based on his performance in ''[[The Elephant Man (1980 film)|The Elephant Man]]'' (1980).<ref>{{cite web|last=Odam|first=Matthew|title=AFF panel wrap: Jonathan Demme in conversation with Paul Thomas Anderson|url=http://www.austin360.com/weblogs/austin-movie-blog/2013/oct/26/aff-panel-wrap-jonathan-demme-conversation-paul-th/|work=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |location=Austin, Texas|access-date=March 15, 2014|date=October 26, 2013|archive-date=November 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122115128/http://www.austin360.com/weblogs/austin-movie-blog/2013/oct/26/aff-panel-wrap-jonathan-demme-conversation-paul-th/|url-status=live}}</ref> When Hopkins's agent told him that a script was on his way titled ''The Silence of the Lambs'', Hopkins responded, "Is it a children's story?"<ref name="Setoodeh">{{cite news |last1=Setoodeh |first1=Ramin |title=Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins Reunite for 'Silence of the Lambs' 30th Anniversary |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/jodie-foster-anthony-hopkins-silence-of-the-lambs-30th-anniversary-1234887496/ |work=Variety |date=January 20, 2021 |location=Los Angeles |access-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119160157/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/jodie-foster-anthony-hopkins-silence-of-the-lambs-30th-anniversary-1234887496/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hopkins called his agent back after reading the first 10 pages and said, "This is the best part I've ever read." He accepted the role after having dinner with Demme.<ref name="Setoodeh" />

Other actors considered for the role included [[Al Pacino]],<ref name="deadline">{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/jodie-foster-silence-of-the-lambs-bfi-1202202525/ |title=Jodie Foster Lifts The Lid On 'The Silence of the Lambs' At BFI – Q&A |last=White |first=Peter |date=November 6, 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |location=Los Angeles |access-date=November 6, 2017 |archive-date=November 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106143625/http://deadline.com/2017/11/jodie-foster-silence-of-the-lambs-bfi-1202202525/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Robert De Niro]],<ref name="deadline"/> [[Dustin Hoffman]],<ref name="deadline"/> [[Derek Jacobi]]<ref name="thewrap"/> and [[Daniel Day-Lewis]].<ref name="thewrap">{{cite web |first=Brent |last=Lang |url=https://www.thewrap.com/derek-jacobi-daniel-day-lewis-almost-played-hannibal-lecter/ |title=Derek Jacobi, Daniel Day-Lewis Almost Played Hannibal Lecter in 'Silence of the Lambs' |website=[[The Wrap]] |location=Los Angeles |date=September 11, 2013 |access-date=April 8, 2014 |archive-date=April 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411114328/http://www.thewrap.com/derek-jacobi-daniel-day-lewis-almost-played-hannibal-lecter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Forest Whitaker]] has stated that he also auditioned for the role. The mask Hopkins wore became an iconic symbol of the film. It was created by Ed Cubberly, of [[Frenchtown, New Jersey]], who had made masks for [[NHL]] goalkeepers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edcubberly.com/hannibal.html|title=Ed Cubberly - Hannibal Lechter Masks|website=edcubberly.com|access-date=August 25, 2019|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903173505/http://edcubberly.com/hannibal.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hopkins developed his portrayal of Lecter by drawing inspiration from the [[HAL 9000]] computer as voiced by [[Douglas Rain]] in ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]],'' as well as the vocal patterns of writer [[Truman Capote]].<ref name="McGo">{{cite web |last1=McGowan |first1=Mark |title=How Anthony Hopkins Created And Became The Character Of Hannibal Lecter |url=https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/celebrity-film-and-tv-awesome-how-anthony-hopkins-created-and-became-the-character-hannibal-lecter-20161230 |website=LadBible.com |date=December 30, 2016  |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309214732/https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/celebrity-film-and-tv-awesome-how-anthony-hopkins-created-and-became-the-character-hannibal-lecter-20161230 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Slankard |first=Jacob |date=2023-10-07 |title=The Chilling Ways HAL 9000 Influenced Anthony Hopkins' Hannibal Lecter |url=https://collider.com/anthony-hopkins-hannibal-lecter-hal-9000/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Collider |language=en}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=February 2022}} In a 2001 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Hopkins clarified that he did not base Lecter's vocal cadence on [[Katharine Hepburn]], as some people had believed. He also revealed that the decision to play Lecter as still and unblinking was not influenced by [[Charles Manson]], as some had speculated.<ref name="gq 2021">{{cite web |last=McGurk |first=Stuart |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/anthony-hopkins-interview/amp |title=Sir Anthony Hopkins: 'Where are the awards for nurses, surgeons and caregivers?' |website=[[GQ]] |date=September 2, 2021 |access-date=October 16, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016123421/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/anthony-hopkins-interview/amp |archive-date=October 16, 2021 }}</ref> Hopkins admitted to being intimidated by Foster, who had just won an Academy Award, and initially felt scared to talk to her.<ref name="Setoodeh" />

Gene Hackman was cast to play Jack Crawford, the Agent-in-Charge of the [[Behavioral Science Unit]] of the FBI in [[Quantico, Virginia]], but he found the script too violent.<ref name="deadline"/> [[Scott Glenn]] was then cast in the role. In preparation for the role, Glenn met with [[John E. Douglas]]. Douglas gave Glenn a tour of the Quantico facility and also played for him an audio tape containing various recordings that serial killers [[Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris]] had made of themselves raping and torturing a 16-year-old girl.<ref>{{cite web|last=Newton|first=Michael|title=Lawrence Bittaker & Roy Norris: Killing Time|url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/bittaker_norris/10.html|work=[[Crime Library]]|publisher=[[TruTV]]|location=Atlanta |access-date=March 14, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225102455/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/bittaker_norris/10.html|archive-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|Kessler|1993|p=258}} According to Douglas, Glenn wept as he listened to the recordings, and even changed his liberal stance on the [[death penalty]].{{sfn|Douglas|Olshaker|1995|p=162}}

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on November 15, 1989, and wrapped on March 1, 1990.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Silence of the Lambs (1991) – Miscellaneous Notes|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90121/the-silence-of-the-lambs#notes|work=[[Leonard Maltin's Classic Movie Guide]]|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|access-date=March 11, 2014|archive-date=March 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064036/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90121/The-Silence-Of-The-Lambs/misc-notes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Filming primarily took place in and around [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], with some scenes shot in nearby northern [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=City lands good share of movies|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=V19cAAAAIBAJ&dq=sharon-stone%20pittsburgh&pg=1397%2C300980|access-date=December 30, 2011|newspaper=The Vindicator|date=December 10, 1995|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225012250/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=V19cAAAAIBAJ&dq=sharon-stone%20pittsburgh&pg=1397%2C300980|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Failed verification|reason=no reference to West Virginia in the cited news article|date=February 2022}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55200 |title=AFI&#124;Catalog }}</ref> The Victorian home in [[Perryopolis, Pennsylvania]], used as Buffalo Bill's home in the film went up for sale in August 2015 for $300,000.<ref>{{cite web |title='Silence of the Lambs' Takes Revenge on This Week's Most Popular Homes |url=https://www.realtor.com/news/trends/most-popular-homes-jame-gumb-silence-of-the-lambs/ |website=realtor.com News |date=August 28, 2015 |access-date=June 18, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619053634/https://www.realtor.com/news/trends/most-popular-homes-jame-gumb-silence-of-the-lambs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The home sat on the market for nearly a year, before finally selling for $195,000.<ref>{{cite news|first=Katie|last=Rogers|title='Silence of the Lambs' House Can't Find a Buyer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/movies/silence-of-the-lambs-house-cant-find-a-buyer.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York City|date=January 13, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2020|url-access=limited|archive-date=February 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217145835/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/movies/silence-of-the-lambs-house-cant-find-a-buyer.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Claudine|last=Zap|title='Silence of the Lambs' House Finally Sells|url=https://www.realtor.com/news/unique-homes/silence-of-the-lambs-house-finally-sells/|website=realtor.com News|date=July 9, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619035858/https://www.realtor.com/news/unique-homes/silence-of-the-lambs-house-finally-sells/|url-status=live}}</ref> The exterior of the [[Western Center]] near [[Canonsburg, Pennsylvania]], served as the setting for Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kirsch|first=Tom|title=Western Center – Abandoned Photography|url=http://opacity.us/site108_western_center.htm|work=Opacity|date=October 21, 2005 |access-date=March 11, 2014|archive-date=February 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208022610/http://opacity.us/site108_western_center.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A scene set in the FBI Director's office was filmed in the office of [[United States Secretary of Labor]] [[Elizabeth Dole]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/lambs-ar1.html|title=Retelling a Psychopathic Killer's Tale Is No Joke|last=Hinds|first=Michael deCourcy|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 25, 1990|access-date=January 19, 2023}}</ref> In what was a rare act of cooperation at the time, the FBI allowed scenes to be filmed at the [[FBI Academy]] in Quantico; some FBI staff members even acted in [[bit part]]s.{{sfn|Edwards|2001|p=132}}<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Dr. Lecter Will See You Now |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/classic-feature-silence-lambs/ |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |location=London |date=June 1991 |access-date=July 24, 2014 |last=Lurie |first=Rod |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211132029/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/classic-feature-silence-lambs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The design for the basement and pit used by Buffalo Bill was inspired by the real-life kidnappings and murders performed by [[Gary M. Heidnik]].

===Music===
{{Music ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|4|5}}
|rev2 = [[Filmtracks]]
|rev2score = {{Rating|3|5}}
}}
{{main|The Silence of the Lambs (soundtrack)}}
The [[film score|musical score]] was composed by [[Howard Shore]], who would also collaborate with Demme on ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''. Recorded in [[Munich]] during the latter half of the summer of 1990, the score was performed by the [[Munich Symphony Orchestra]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Howard Shore – The Silence of the Lambs (The Original Motion Picture Score)|url=http://www.discogs.com/Howard-Shore-The-Silence-Of-The-Lambs-The-Original-Motion-Picture-Score/release/822794|work=[[Discogs]]|year=1991 |access-date=March 11, 2014|archive-date=December 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231221405/http://www.discogs.com/Howard-Shore-The-Silence-Of-The-Lambs-The-Original-Motion-Picture-Score/release/822794|url-status=live}}</ref> "I tried to write in a way that goes right into the fabric of the movie", explained Shore on his approach. "I tried to make the music just fit in. When you watch the movie you are not aware of the music. You get your feelings from all elements simultaneously, lighting, cinematography, costumes, acting, music. Jonathan Demme was very specific about the music."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Büdinger|first=Matthias|author2=Luc Van de Ven|title=Howard Shore on The Silence of the Lambs|journal=Soundtrack Magazine|year=1991|volume=10|issue=37|url=http://www.runmovies.eu/?p=3567|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20141123143844/http://www.runmovies.eu/?p=3567|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 23, 2014|access-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref> The music editor was Suzana Peric.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suzana Peric|url=https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/people/suzana-peric|access-date=2020-08-09|publisher=NYU Steinhardt|language=en|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020165922/https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/people/suzana-peric|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hamill|first=Denis|title=On the Right (Sound)track – Croatian Native Suzana Peric Has Cut Out a Career Here As a Movie Music Editor|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/sound-track-croatian-native-suzana-peric-cut-career-movie-music-editor-article-1.759344|access-date=2020-08-09|website=New York Daily News |date=March 23, 1997 |archive-date=October 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026132251/https://www.nydailynews.com/sound-track-croatian-native-suzana-peric-cut-career-movie-music-editor-article-1.759344|url-status=live}}</ref> A soundtrack album was released by [[MCA Records]] on February 5, 1991.<ref>{{cite web|title=Filmtracks: The Silence of the Lambs (Howard Shore)|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/silence_lambs.html|work=[[Filmtracks.com]]|access-date=March 11, 2014|date=November 24, 2009|archive-date=July 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715234013/http://filmtracks.com/titles/silence_lambs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Music from the film was later used in the [[Trailer (promotion)|trailers]] for its 2001 sequel, ''[[Hannibal (2001 film)|Hannibal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trailer Music: Hannibal (2001)|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/trailers/?cid=H&mid=10589|work=[[Soundtrack.net]] |access-date=March 11, 2014|archive-date=June 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603152040/http://www.soundtrack.net/trailers/?cid=H&mid=10589|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition to Shore's score, recordings of popular music are used prominently in the film. This includes [[United Kingdom|British]] [[post-punk]] music, such as the song "[[Hex Enduction Hour|Hip Priest]]" by [[The Fall (band)|the Fall]] which can be heard playing during the climactic scene in which Starling enters Buffalo Bill's house.<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Songs that Defined the Fall and Mark E. Smith|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/10-songs-that-defined-the-fall-and-mark-e-smith/|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date=January 25, 2018 |access-date=April 5, 2021|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411012927/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/10-songs-that-defined-the-fall-and-mark-e-smith/|url-status=live}}</ref> The song "[[Goodbye Horses]]" by [[Q Lazzarus]] became a cult hit after it was featured in an iconic scene with Buffalo Bill applying makeup and speaking to himself in the mirror.<ref name="stereogum">{{cite web |last1=Helman |first1=Peter |title=Mysterious "Goodbye Horses" Singer Q Lazzarus Breaks Her Silence 30 Years Later |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2009727/mysterious-goodbye-horses-singer-q-lazzarus-breaks-her-silence-30-years-later/news/ |website=Stereogum |access-date=August 18, 2022 |language=en |date=August 11, 2018}}</ref>