Editing The Beach Boys (section)

==== ''Surfin' Safari'', ''Surfin' U.S.A.'', ''Surfer Girl'', and ''Little Deuce Coupe'' ====
[[File:Beach Boys 1963.jpg|thumb|right|The Beach Boys, in [[Pendleton Woolen Mills|Pendleton]] outfits, performing at a local high school, late 1962]]
By this time the de facto manager of the Beach Boys, Murry landed the group's first paying gig (for which they earned $300) on New Year's Eve, 1961, at the [[Ritchie Valens]] Memorial Dance in [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]].{{sfn|Warner|1992|p=328}} In their early public appearances, the band wore heavy wool jacket-like shirts that local surfers favored{{sfn|Sanchez|2014|p=19}} before switching to their trademark striped shirts and white pants (a look that was taken directly from the [[Kingston Trio]]).{{sfn|Badman|2004|p=187}}{{sfn|Schinder|2007|p=106}} All five members sang, with Brian playing bass, Dennis playing drums, Carl playing lead guitar, and Al Jardine playing rhythm guitar, while Mike Love was the main singer and occasionally played saxophone. In early 1962, Morgan requested that some of the members add vocals to a couple of instrumental tracks that he had recorded with other musicians. This led to the creation of the short-lived group Kenny & the Cadets, which Brian led under the pseudonym "Kenny". The other members were Carl, Jardine, and the Wilsons' mother Audree.<ref name="Kenny"/>{{refn|group=nb|The only songs the group recorded were two Morgan compositions "Barbie" and "What Is a Young Girl Made Of?"<ref name="Kenny">{{cite web|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|title=Kenny & the Cadets|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kenny-the-cadets-mn0000070397|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618221231/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kenny-the-cadets-mn0000070397|url-status=live}}</ref>}} In February, Jardine left the Beach Boys and was replaced by David Marks on rhythm guitar.{{sfn|Schinder|2007|p=105}}  A common misconception is that Jardine left to focus on [[dental school]]. In reality, Jardine did not even apply to dental school until 1964, and the reason he left in February 1962 was due to creative differences and his belief that the newly-formed group would not be a commercial success.{{sfn|Murphy|2015|p=151}}

After being turned down by [[Dot Records|Dot]] and [[Liberty Records|Liberty]], the Beach Boys signed a seven-year contract with [[Capitol Records]].<ref name="photobucket13">{{cite magazine|url=http://i351.photobucket.com/albums/q476/marcus1970/hit%20parader%201966/HitParaderp6October1966.jpg|title=The Beach Boy Empire|last=Taylor|first=Derek|date=October 5, 1966|magazine=Hit Parader|page=13|author-link=Derek Taylor|access-date=June 29, 2013|archive-date=May 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143421/http://i351.photobucket.com/albums/q476/marcus1970/hit%20parader%201966/HitParaderp6October1966.jpg|url-status=live}}</ref> This was at the urging of Capitol executive and staff producer [[Nick Venet]] who signed the group, seeing them as the "teenage gold" he had been scouting for.{{sfn|Hoskyns|2009|p=62}} On June 4, 1962, the Beach Boys debuted on Capitol with their second single, "Surfin' Safari" backed with "409". The release prompted national coverage in the June 9 issue of ''[[Billboard Magazine|Billboard]]'', which praised Love's lead vocal and said the song had potential.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=June 9, 1962 |title=Reviews of New Singles |magazine=Billboard Magazine |volume= 74 |issue= 23 |page=40  |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=sSkEAAAAMBAJ|page=4}} |access-date=April 27, 2013}}</ref> "Surfin' Safari" rose to number 14 and found airplay in New York and Phoenix, a surprise for the label.{{sfn|Schinder|2007|p=105}}

The Beach Boys' first album, ''[[Surfin' Safari]]'', was released in October 1962. It was different from other rock albums of the time in that it consisted almost entirely of original songs, primarily written by Brian with Mike Love and friend [[Gary Usher]].{{sfn|Schinder|2007|p=105}} Another unusual feature of the Beach Boys was that, although they were marketed as "surf music", their repertoire bore little resemblance to the music of other surf bands, which was mainly instrumental and incorporated heavy use of [[spring reverb]]. For this reason, some of the Beach Boys' early local performances had young audience members throwing vegetables at the band, believing that the group were poseurs.<ref name="Emami">{{cite news |last1=Emami |first1=Gazelle |title=Surf Music Evolution: From The Beach Boys To Punk |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/surf-music-evolution_n_3322063 |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=December 6, 2017 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619021802/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/surf-music-evolution_n_3322063 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{listen
|filename=Surfin' USA.ogg
|pos=left
|title="Surfin' U.S.A." (1963)
|description="[[Surfin' U.S.A. (song)|Surfin' U.S.A.]]" was a rewrite of [[Chuck Berry]]'s "[[Sweet Little Sixteen]]" with lyrics about surfing, later becoming one of the best known surf rock songs.{{sfn|Marcus|2013|p=95}}
|}}

In January 1963, the Beach Boys recorded their first top-ten single, "[[Surfin' U.S.A. (song)|Surfin' U.S.A.]]", which began their long run of highly successful recording efforts. It was during the sessions for this single that Brian made the production decision from that point on to use [[double tracking]] on the group's vocals, resulting in a deeper and more resonant sound.{{sfn|Badman|2004|p=32}} The [[Surfin' U.S.A. (album)|album of the same name]] followed in March and reached number 2 on the ''Billboard'' charts.{{sfn|Badman|2004|p=35}} Its success propelled the group into a nationwide spotlight, and was vital to launching surf music as a national craze,{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=71}} albeit the Beach Boys' vocal approach to the genre, not the original instrumental style pioneered by [[Dick Dale]].<ref name="Emami"/> Biographer Luis Sanchez highlights the "Surfin' U.S.A." single as a turning point for the band, "creat[ing] a direct passage to California life for a wide teenage audience&nbsp;... [and] a distinct Southern California sensibility that exceeded its conception as such to advance right to the front of American consciousness".{{sfn|Sanchez|2014|pp=10, 13}}  Jardine returned in spring 1963 so Brian could make fewer touring appearances. Issues between Marks, his parents, and manager/the Wilsons' father Murry led Marks to quit in October 1963.

Throughout 1963, and for the next few years, Brian produced a variety of singles for outside artists. Among these were [[the Honeys]], a surfer trio that comprised sisters Diane and [[Marilyn Wilson|Marilyn Rovell]] with cousin Ginger Blake. Brian was convinced that they could be a successful female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and he produced a number of singles for them, although they could not replicate the Beach Boys' popularity.{{sfn|Sanchez|2014|pp=39–41, 44}} He also attended some of [[Phil Spector]]'s sessions at [[Gold Star Studios]].{{sfn|Sanchez|2014|p=50}} His creative and songwriting interests were revamped upon hearing [[the Ronettes]]' 1963 song "[[Be My Baby]]", which was produced by Spector. The first time he heard the song was while driving, and was so overwhelmed that he had to pull over to the side of the road and analyze the chorus.{{sfn|Wilson|Greenman|2016|p=73}} Later, he reflected: "I was unable to really think as a producer up until the time where I really got familiar with Phil Spector's work. That was when I started to design the experience to be a record rather than just a song."{{sfn|Sanchez|2014|p=47}}

[[File:The Beach Boys 1962.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The Beach Boys in 1963; top to bottom: [[Brian Wilson]], [[Carl Wilson]], [[Dennis Wilson]], [[David Marks]], [[Mike Love]]]]
''[[Surfer Girl]]'' marked the first time the group used outside musicians on a substantial portion of an LP.{{sfn|Schinder|2007|p=107}} Many of them were the musicians Spector used for his [[Wall of Sound]] productions.{{sfn|Schinder|2007|p=111}} Only a month after ''Surfer Girl'''s release the group's fourth album ''[[Little Deuce Coupe]]'' was issued. To close 1963, the band released a standalone Christmas-themed single "[[Little Saint Nick]]", backed with an [[a cappella]] rendition of the [[Lord's Prayer|scriptural]] song "[[The Lord's Prayer (1935 song)|The Lord's Prayer]]". The A-side peaked at number 3 on the US ''Billboard'' Christmas chart.{{sfn|Badman|2004|p=45}}