Editing Thai solar calendar (section)

===New year===
[[New Year]], the time at which a new [[calendar year]] begins and the calendar's year count is incremented, originally coincided with the [[Songkran (Thailand)#Astrological calculation|date calculated for Songkran]], when the Sun transits the constellation of [[Aries (astrology)|Aries]], the first [[astrological sign]] in the [[Zodiac]] as reckoned by [[sidereal astrology]]: thus the year commenced on 11 April 1822.<ref name="Crawfurd" /> As previously noted, Rama VI moved the start of the year back to 1 April in 2455 BE, 1912 CE, so that 130 R.S. only lasted for 356 days from 11 April 1911 to 31 March 1912.

On 6 September 1940, Prime Minister [[Luang Phibunsongkhram|Phibunsongkhram]] decreed<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Royal Gazette|volume=57|issue=ก|pages=419|script-title=th:พระราชบัญญัติปีปฏิทิน พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๓|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2483/A/419.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927203851/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2483/A/419.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2011|date=17 September 1940|language=th}}</ref> 1 January 1941 as the start of the year 2484 BE, so year 2483 BE had only nine months running from 1 April to 31 December 1940. To convert dates from 1 January to 31 March prior to that year, the number to add or subtract is 542; otherwise, it is 543. Example:

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid black"
|-
! Month
| width="6%" style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9 || 10–12
| style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9 || 10–12
| style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9 || 10–12
| style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9 || 10–12
|- style="background-color:yellow"
! CE
| colspan="4" width="25%" style="border:1px solid black" | 1939
| colspan="4" width="25%" style="border:1px solid black" | 1940
| colspan="4" width="25%" style="border:1px solid black" | 1941
| colspan="4" width="25%" style="border: 1px solid black" |1942
|- style="background-color:sandybrown"
! BE
| style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black" | 2481
| colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black" | 2482
| colspan="3" style="border:1px solid black"| 2483
| colspan="4" style="background-color:cyan; border:1px solid black" | 2484
| colspan="4" style="background-color:cyan; border:1px solid black" | 2485
|-
! <sub>Thai Month</sub>
| width="6%" style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 10–12 || 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9
| style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 10–12 || 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9
| style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9 || 10–12
| style="border-left: 1px solid black" | 1–3 || 4–6 || 7–9 || 10–12
|- style="background-color:yellow"
|}

Today, both the [[Common Era]] New Year's Day (1 January) and the traditional [[Songkran (Thailand)|Thai New Year]] ({{lang|th|สงกรานต์}}, ''Songkran'') celebrations (13–15 April) are public holidays in Thailand. In the [[Thai lunar calendar#Twelve-year animal cycle|traditional Thai calendar]], the change to the next [[Chinese zodiac]]al animal occurs at Songkran (now fixed at 13 April.)<ref>{{Cite book|title=The calendrical systems of mainland southeast asia|author=J.C. Eade|isbn=90-04-10437-2|publisher=E.J. Brill, Leiden|page=22}} According to some scholars including [[George Coedes]] the change occurred at the beginning of the 5th lunar month originally a few days before Songkhran.</ref> For [[Thai Chinese]] communities in Thailand, however, the [[Chinese calendar]] determines the day that a [[Chinese New Year]] begins, and assumes the name of the next animal in the [[Chinese astrology#Table of the sixty-year calendar|twelve-year animal cycle]].

Names of the months derive from [[Hindu astrology]] names for the [[Zodiac#Hindu zodiac|signs of the zodiac]]. Thirty-day-month names end in ''-ayon'' ({{lang|th|-ายน}}), from Sanskrit root ''āyana'' : the arrival of; 31-day-month names end in -akhom ({{lang|th|-าคม}}), from Sanskrit āgama (cognate to English "come") that also means the arrival of.

February's name ends in -''phan'' ({{lang|th|-พันธ์}}), from Sanskrit ''bandha'' : "fettered" or "bound". The day added to February in a solar [[leap year]] is ''Athikasuratin'' ({{lang|th|อธิกสุรทิน}}, respelled to aid pronunciation ({{lang|th|อะทิกะสุระทิน}}) from Sanskrit adhika : additional; sura : move).<ref>[http://www.thai2english.com/dictionary/27807.html Thai2english.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928191520/http://www.thai2english.com/dictionary/27807.html |date=28 September 2007 }}, dictionary</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
|+''Months''
!English name !! Thai name !! Abbr. !! Thai Pronunciation !! Sanskrit word !! [[Hindu astrology#Rāśi – zodiacal signs|Zodiac sign]]
|-
|January || มกราคม ||ม.ค.|| mákàraa-khom, mókkàraa-khom || [[Makara (Hindu mythology)|makara]] "sea-monster" || [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]]
|-
|February || กุมภาพันธ์ ||ก.พ.|| kumphaa-phan || [[kumbha]] "pitcher, water-pot" || [[Aquarius (astrology)|Aquarius]]
|-
|March || มีนาคม ||มี.ค.|| miinaa-khom || {{IAST|mīna}} "fish" || [[Pisces (astrology)|Pisces]]
|-
|April || เมษายน ||เม.ย.|| meesaǎ-yon || {{IAST|meṣa}} "ram" || [[Aries (astrology)|Aries]]
|-
|May || พฤษภาคม ||พ.ค.|| phrɯ́tsaphaa-khom || vṛṣabha "bull" || [[Taurus (astrology)|Taurus]]
|-
|June || มิถุนายน ||มิ.ย.|| míthùnaa-yon || mithuna "a pair" || [[Gemini (astrology)|Gemini]]
|-
|July || กรกฎาคม ||ก.ค.|| kàrákàdaa-khom || karkaṭa "crab" || [[Cancer (astrology)|Cancer]]
|-
|August || สิงหาคม ||ส.ค.|| sǐnghǎa-khom || sinha "lion" || [[Leo (astrology)|Leo]]
|-
|September || กันยายน ||ก.ย.||kanyaa-yon || kanyā "girl" || [[Virgo (astrology)|Virgo]]
|-
|October || ตุลาคม ||ต.ค.|| tùlaa-khom || tulā "balance" || [[Libra (astrology)|Libra]]
|-
|November || พฤศจิกายน ||พ.ย.|| phrɯ́tsacìkaa-yon || vṛścika "scorpion" || [[Scorpio (astrology)|Scorpio]]
|-
|December || ธันวาคม ||ธ.ค.|| thanwaa-khom || dhanu "bow, arc" || [[Sagittarius (astrology)|Sagittarius]]
|}