Editing Texas Instruments (section)

====First silicon transistor and integrated circuits====
[[File:KL TI SN5451 Logic IC.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Transistorized "[[transistor-transistor logic|logic]]" chip, an integrated circuit produced by TI]]

In January 1954, [[Morris Tanenbaum]] at Bell Telephone Laboratories created the first workable silicon transistor.<ref name="transistor"/> This work was reported in the spring of 1954, at the IRE off-the-record conference on solid-state devices, and was later published in the ''Journal of Applied Physics''. Working independently in April 1954, Gordon Teal at TI created the first commercial silicon transistor and tested it on April 14, 1954. On May 10, 1954, at the Institute of Radio Engineers National Conference on Airborne Electronics in Dayton, Ohio, Teal presented a paper: "Some Recent Developments in Silicon and Germanium Materials and Devices".<ref>[http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/may04/3992 "Some Recent Developments in Silicon and Germanium Materials and Devices"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409173015/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/may04/3992 |date=April 9, 2008 }}. ''[[IEEE Spectrum]]''. Retrieved on April 19, 2012.</ref>

In 1954, Texas Instruments designed and manufactured the first [[transistor radio]]. The [[Regency TR-1]] used germanium transistors, as silicon transistors were much more expensive at the time. This was an effort by Haggerty to increase market demand for transistors.

[[Jack Kilby]], an employee at TI, invented the [[integrated circuit]] in 1958.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jack-Kilby |title=Jack Kilby |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=Online |access-date=August 7, 2022}}</ref> Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, and successfully demonstrated the world's first working integrated circuit on September 12, 1958.<ref>[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackbuilt.shtml "The Chip that Jack Built"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501073820/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackbuilt.shtml |date=May 1, 2015 }} (c. 2008; HTML), Texas Instruments, accessed May 29, 2008.</ref> Six months later, [[Robert Noyce]] of [[Fairchild Semiconductor]] (who went on to co-found [[Intel]]) independently developed the integrated circuit with integrated interconnect, and is also considered an inventor of the integrated circuit.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-14|title=Robert Noyce|url=https://ethw.org/Robert_Noyce|access-date=2022-09-23|website=ETHW|language=en|archive-date=December 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220111313/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Robert_Noyce|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1969, Kilby was awarded the National Medal of Science, and in 1982 he was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml|title=Texas Instruments – Low Bandwidth Timeline – Key TI Events|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803143130/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml|archive-date=August 3, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Kilby also won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his part of the invention of the integrated circuit.<ref>Nobel Web AB, (October 10, 2000),[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/press.html ''The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215065210/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/press.html |date=December 15, 2010 }},
Retrieved on May 29, 2008</ref> Noyce's chip, made at Fairchild, was made of silicon, while Kilby's chip was made of [[germanium]].  In 2008, TI named its new development laboratory "Kilby Labs" after Jack Kilby.<ref>Kilby Labs Announcement [http://focus.ti.com/pr/docs/preldetail.tsp?sectionId=594&prelId=c08055 focus.ti.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917225342/http://focus.ti.com/pr/docs/preldetail.tsp?sectionId=594&prelId=c08055 |date=September 17, 2008 }}</ref>