Editing Telecommunications in Senegal (section)

==Internet==

Internet service is widely available in [[Dakar]] and other towns either by private subscription or through Senegal's extensive network of "telecentres" and [[Internet café]]s. The [[Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line]] (ADSL) broadband subscriber base is growing rapidly, though the penetration rate is less than 1 percent.<ref name=ccg/>

* [[Top-level domain]]: [[.sn]]<ref name=CIAWFB-Senegal-2014/>
* [[List of countries by number of Internet users|Internet users]]: 
** 68.5%, or approximately 10.4 million users in 2018<ref>ARTP [http://www.artpsenegal.net/sites/default/files/docs_actualites/rapport_observatoire_t3-2018.pdf "Rapport trimestriel sur le marché des télécommunications au 30 septembre 2018"]</ref>
** 2.5 million users, 84th in the world; 19.2% of the population, 145th in the world (2012).<ref name=NIUCalc>Calculated using penetration rate and population data from [https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php |date=29 March 2017 }}, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013</ref><ref name=ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet>[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2012"], International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</ref>
** 1.8 million users, 76th in the world (2009).<ref name=CIAWFB-Senegal-2014/>
* [[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Fixed broadband]]: 94,548 subscriptions, 103rd in the world; 0.7% of the population, 145th in the world (2012).<ref name=NIUCalc/><ref name="FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"], Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Wireless broadband]]: 486,490 subscribers, 92nd in the world; 3.8% of the population, 117th in the world (2012).<ref name="MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"], Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of Internet hosts|Internet hosts]]: 237 hosts, 197th in the world (2012).<ref name=CIAWFB-Senegal-2014/>
* [[List of countries by IPv4 address allocation|IPv4]]: 293,248 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 22.6 addresses per 1000 people.<ref>[http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ Select Formats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513033601/http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ |date=13 May 2009 }}, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003851/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html Population], [[The World Factbook]], [[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.</ref>
* [[Internet service provider]]s: 762 ISPs (2014).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_trjGFGO97gC&q=Internet+service+providers%3A+761+ISPs+%282002%29.&pg=PA52|title=Intellectual Property Rights in China: Politics of Piracy, Trade and Protection|last=Cheung|first=Gordon C. K.|date=2009-03-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134217885|language=en}}</ref>

===Internet censorship and surveillance===

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet, or reports that the government monitors [[e-mail]] or Internet [[chat rooms]] without appropriate legal authority. Individuals and groups engage in the peaceful expression of views via the Internet, including by e‑mail.<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Senegal-2012>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204160 "Senegal"], ''Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012'', Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 18 April 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref> However, in 2023 and 2024, the government shut down all mobile internet access by all poviders several times to prohibit communication during periods of unrest due to trials and imprisonment of Ousmane Sonko (2023) and the suspension and delay of the February 2024 national election (2024). 

The constitution and law provide for [[freedom of speech]] and [[freedom of the press|press]]; however, the government limits these rights in practice. Individuals can generally criticize the government publicly or privately without reprisal. The law criminalizes libel, and libel laws are used to block or punish critical reporting and commentary. The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions in practice.<ref name=USDOS-CRHRP-Senegal-2012/>

===Scholarly communication===
====Open access====
[[Open access]] to scholarly communication in Senegal is developing.<ref>{{citation |title=Les revues sénégalaises en ligne: Quelques expériences concrètes |author=Diéyi Diouf |language=fr |url=http://www.codesria.org/spip.php?article588 |publisher=[[Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa]] |year=2008}} {{free access}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tagteam.harvard.edu/hubs/3/tag/oa.senegal |title=(Senegal) |work=[[Open Access Tracking Project]] |oclc= 1040261573 |publisher=Harvard University |editor=Peter Suber |editor-link=Peter Suber |access-date=21 September 2017}}</ref> The Consortium des Bibliothèques de l'Enseignement Supérieur du Sénégal (academic library consortium) and the Association Sénégalaise des Bibliothécaires, Archivistes et Documentalistes (professional society) have signed the [[Budapest Open Access Initiative]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/list_signatures |title=Signatures |work=Budapest Open Access Initiative |access-date=21 September 2017}}</ref>

The [[French Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] funded in 2004–2007 the creation of scholarly publishing platforms in Africa ("Système d’information scientifique et technique"),<ref>{{cite book |title=SIST: Pour la science en Afrique |language=en, fr |url=https://agritrop.cirad.fr/542496/2/SIST-2%20Dépliant2R.pdf |via=[[Agritrop]] |publisher=Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-87614-641-9}} {{open access}}</ref> which led to the 2006 launch of SIST Sénégal.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208022718/http://www.sist-sciencesdev.net/article.php3?id_article=58&lang=fr |url=http://www.sist-sciencesdev.net:80/article.php3?id_article=58&lang=fr |language=fr |work=Sist-sciencesdev.net |title=SIST Sénégal est en ligne |archive-date=8 December 2007 |url-status=dead |quote=Sist.sn  }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Florence Piron |display-authors=etal |title=Le libre accès vu d'Afrique francophone subsaharienne |trans-title=Open access seen from francophone Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Revue française des sciences de l'information et de la communication |issn=2263-0856 |number=11 |url=http://rfsic.revues.org/3292 |language=fr |via=[[Revues.org]] |year=2017}} {{open access}}</ref> According to [[UNESCO]], the Bibliothèque SIST Sénégal is one of two open access repositories in Senegal, the other being Biens Culturels Africains at the [[Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=UNESCO |location=Paris |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/access-by-region/africa/senegal/ |work=Global Open Access Portal |title=Senegal |access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref>