Editing Tatars (section)

===Volga Tatars===
{{main|Volga Tatars}}
[[File:Ареал расселения татар в России. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года.png|thumb|The areas of settlement of Tatars in Russia according to the National Population Census 2010]]
[[File:Татар националь костюмы.jpg|thumb|Volga Tatars in traditional clothing]]

In the 7th century AD, the [[Volga Bulgaria|Volga Bulgars]] settled on the territory of the Volga-Kama region, where [[Finno-Ugric peoples|Finno-Ugrians]] lived compactly at that time. Bulgars inhabited part of the modern territory of Tatarstan, [[Udmurtia]], [[Ulyanovsk Oblast|Ulyanovsk region]], [[Samara Oblast|Samara region]] and [[Chuvashia]]. After the invasion of [[Batu Khan]] in 1223–1236, the [[Golden Horde]] annexed Volga Bulgaria. Most of the population of the [[Bulgars]] survived and crossed to the right bank of the Volga, displacing the [[Mari people|mountain Mari]] (''cheremis'') from the inhabited territories to the meadow side.  Sources of Russian chronicles{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} report: "Tatares took the whole [[Bulgars|Bulgarian]] land captive and killed part of it" After a while, Tatars from all the outskirts of the [[Golden Horde]] began to arrive in the [[Khanate of Kazan|Kazan Khanate]], and consisted mainly of Kipchak peoples: [[Nogais]] and [[Crimean Tatars]].<blockquote>[[Kazan]] was built by the Perekop fugitives from [[Taurida]] during the reign of [[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily Vasilyevich]] in [[Moscowia|Moscow]]. [[Vasili III of Russia|Vasily Ivanovich]] forced her to take tsars from him for herself. And then, when she was indignant, he embarrassed her with the hardships of a dangerous war, but he did not conquer her. But in 7061 ([[1552]]), his son [[Ivan the Terrible|Ivan IV]] took the city of Kazan after a six-month siege together with the [[Cheremis]]. However, in the form of a reward for the offense, he subdued neighboring [[Volga Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], which he could not stand for frequent rebellions.

''— The journey to Muscovy of Baron Augustine Mayerberg and Horace Wilhelm Calvucci, ambassadors of the August Roman Emperor Leopold to the Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich in 1661, described by Baron Mayerberg himself''</blockquote><blockquote>Kazan Tatars are descendants of the Tatars of the Kazan Kingdom of the Kipchak Horde. ''— "Alphabetical list of peoples living in the Russian Empire in 1895"[https://www.prlib.ru/item/396941]''</blockquote><blockquote>Kazan Tatars got their name from the main city of Kazan''—''and it is so called from the Tatar word Kazan, the cauldron, which was omitted by the servant of the founder of this city, Khan Altyn Bek, not on purpose, when he scooped water for his master to wash, in the river now called Kazanka. In other respects, according to their own legends, they were not of a special tribe, but descended from the fighters who remained here [in Kazan] on the settlement of different generations and from foreigners attracted to Kazan, but especially [[Nogais|Nogai Tatars]], who all through their union into a single society formed a special people.

— ''Carl Wilhelm Müller''. "Description of all the peoples living in the Russian state,.." Part Two. About the peoples of the Tatar tribe. S-P, 1776, Translated from German.<ref name= Lenin/>

— ''[[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]]''. Description of all the peoples living in the Russian state : their everyday rituals, customs, clothes, dwellings, exercises, amusements, faiths and other memorabilia. Part 2 : About the peoples of the Tatar tribe and other undecided origin of the Northern Siberian. ''—'' 1799. page 8<ref name= ucoz/></blockquote>Also in Kazan there is a famous "[[Kaban Lakes|Kaban Lake]]" similar to the name of the "[[Kuban (river)|Kuban River]]", which translates from [[Nogai language|Nogai]] as "overflowing".
[[File:Из мечети.jpg|thumb|Tatar women in [[Kazan]], Tatarstan]]
The main now central Bauman Street that leads to the Kremlin is one of the oldest streets in Kazan. In the era of the Kazan Khanate, it was called the Nogai district. Nogai daruga is a conditional territory, the possessions of which are controlled by the Nogai Horde, they were run by foremen beki:

* Alibai Murzagulov, in 1773 the foreman of the Nogaiskaya daruga (administrative territory – district)
* Kinzya Arslanov foreman of the Bushmas-Kipchak parish of the Nogaiskaya daruga (administrative territory)
* Yamansary Yapparov foreman of the Suun-Kypsak parish of the Nogaiskaya daruga (administrative territory)

The Tatar Queen [[Söyembikä of Kazan|Syuyumbike]], who was the daughter of the [[Nogais|Nogai]] biya, also testifies to the Nogai roots of the Kazan Tatars. And this is also confirmed by the Khans of the Kazan Khanate:

* Ulu-Muhammad Khan, son of Ichkile Hasan-oglan (1438–1445), former khan of the [[Golden Horde]].
* Mamuk ([[Siberian Tatars|Tyumen]] tatar) Khan (1496–1497).
* Shah-Ali Khan, son of [[Kasimov Tatars|Kasimov tatar]] Sheikh-Auliyar Sultan (1519–1521, 1546, 1551–1552).
* Sahib-Giray Khan, son of [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean tatar]] Khan Mengli Giray (1521–1524, 1524–1531, 1536–1546, 1546–1549).
* Utyamysh-Giray [[Nogais|Nogai tatar]] Khan, son of Safa-Giray Khan (1549–1551).
* Yadygar-Muhammad Khan, son of [[Kasimov Tatars|Kasimov tatar]] Khan of Astrakhan (1552).
* Ali-Akram Khan ([[Nogai Khan|Nogai dynasty]]) (1553–1556).

The large coat of arms of Tsar [[Ivan the Terrible|Ivan IV]] the Terrible testifies that the Tatars of the Kazan Khanate and the Bulgars of the Volga Bulgarian land are different peoples and territories with different coats of arms.

'''Forming'''
{{Seealso|Turco-Mongol tradition}}
[[File:Genetic_admixture_of_modern_Turkic-speaking_populations_(with_population_names).png|thumb|Ancestral composition of modern-day [[Turkic languages|Turkic-speaking]] populations, including Tatars, using three components: blue, [[Ancient Northeast Asian]]; green, West Eurasian‐related ancestry, primarily [[Andronovo culture|Andronovo]] and [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex|BMAC]]-like groups; and yellow, associated with Neolithic [[Ancient Northern East Asian|Yellow River farmers]].]]
The majority of Volga Tatars ([[Kazan]] Tatars and [[Mishar Tatars|Mishars]]) are usually thought to be descendants of either the [[Kipchaks]] (Polovtsians) of Golden Horde, or [[Bulgars]], that survived the Mongol conquest of 1236–1237. There were only minor groups of Kipchak tribes on the Bulgarian and Cheremis land, and there were very few of them on the territory of the future Kazan Khanate. But during the events of 1438–1445, associated with the formation of the Kazan Khanate, together with Khan Uluk-Muhammad, about 40 thousand Tatars arrived here at once. Subsequently, Tatars from [[Astrakhan]], [[Azov]], [[Crimea]], [[Akhtubinsk]] and other places moved to the [[Khanate of Kazan|Kazan Khanate]]. The Arab historian Al-Omari (Shihabuddin al-Umari) wrote that, having joined the Golden Horde, the Cumans moved to the position of subjects. The Tatar-Mongols settled on the territory of the Polovtsian steppe and gradually mixed with the Polovtsians. Al-Omari concludes that after several generations, the Tatars began to look like Polovtsy: "as if from the same (with them) kind," because they began to live on their lands.

Finally in the end of the 19th century; although the name [[Nogais|Nogailars]] persisted in some places; the majority identified themselves simply as ''the Muslims''{{citation needed|date= May 2020}}) and the language of the Kipchaks; on the other hand, the invaders eventually converted to [[Sunni Islam]] ({{circa}} 14th century). As the Golden Horde disintegrated in the 15th century, the area became the territory of the Kazan khanate, which [[Russo-Kazan wars|Russia ultimately conquered]] in the 16th century.

Some Volga Tatars speak different dialects of the [[Tatar language]]. Accordingly, they form distinct groups such as the [[Mişär]] group and the Qasim group:
* [[Mişär-Tatars]] (or Mishars) are a group of Tatars speaking a Mishar dialect of the Tatar language. They live in the [[Chelyabinsk Oblast|Chelyabinsk]], [[Tambov Oblast|Tambov]], [[Penza Oblast|Penza]], [[Ryazan Oblast|Ryazan]] and [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Nizhegorodskaya]] oblasts of Russia and in [[Bashkortostan]] and [[Mordovia]]. They live on the right bank of the [[Volga River]], in Tatarstan.
* The Western Tatars have their capital in the town of Qasím ([[Kasimov]], {{langx |ru| Касимов}}) in [[Ryazan Oblast]], with a Tatar population of 1100.{{Citation needed|date= October 2008}}
[[File:Northern Yuan and Golden Horde.svg|thumb|Tatar [[khanate]]s that emerged from the Golden Horde in the 15th century]]
A minority of Christianized Volga Tatars are known as [[Kryashens|Keräşens]].

The Volga Tatars used the Turkic [[Old Tatar language]] for their literature between the 15th and 19th centuries. It was written in the [[İske imlâ alphabet|İske imlâ]] variant of the [[Arabic script]], but actual spelling varied regionally. The older literary language included many Arabic and Persian loanwords. However, the modern literary language (generally written using a [[Cyrillic alphabets|Cyrillic alphabet]]), often has Russian- and other European-derived words instead.

Outside of Tatarstan, urban Tatars usually speak [[Russian language|Russian]] as their first language (in cities such as Moscow, [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Nizhniy Novgorod]], [[Tashkent]], [[Almaty]], and in cities of the [[Ural (region)|Ural region]] and western Siberia) and other languages in a worldwide diaspora.

In the 1910s the Volga Tatars numbered about half a million in the [[Kazan Governorate]] in [[Tatarstan]], their historical homeland, about 400,000 in each of the governments of [[Ufa]], 100,000 in [[Samara, Russia|Samara]] and [[Simbirsk]], and about 30,000 in [[Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Vyatka]], [[Saratov]], [[Tambov]], [[Penza]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Perm, Russia|Perm]] and [[Orenburg]]. An additional 15,000 had migrated to [[Ryazan]] or were settled as prisoners in the 16th and 17th centuries in [[Lithuania]] ([[Vilnius]], [[Hrodna|Grodno]] and [[Podolia]]). An additional 2,000 resided in St. Petersburg.<ref name= EB1911/>
[[File:White Mosque, Laishevo (2024-02-26) 12.jpg|thumb|Volga Tatars praying in a mosque in [[Bolgar, Spassky District, Republic of Tatarstan|Bolgar]], Tatarstan]]
Most Kazan Tatars practice Islam. The Kazan Tatars speak Kazan (normal) Tatar language, with a substantial amount of Russian and Arabic loanwords.

Before 1917, [[polygamy]] was practiced<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.westmifflinmoritz.com/Honors+Cultures/2012-2013+Power+Point/Tartars_Bytzura.pdf|title=westmifflinmoritz.com|website=www.westmifflinmoritz.com|access-date=4 March 2022|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809074400/http://www.westmifflinmoritz.com/Honors+Cultures/2012-2013+Power+Point/Tartars_Bytzura.pdf}}</ref>{{citation needed|date= January 2013}} only by the wealthier classes and was a waning institution.<ref name= EB1911/>

====Astrakhan Tatars====
{{main|Astrakhan Tatars}}

The Astrakhan Tatars (around 80,000) are a group of Tatars, descendants of the [[Astrakhan Khanate]]'s population, who live mostly in [[Astrakhan Oblast]]. In the [[Russian Census (2010)|Russian census of 2010]] most Astrakhan Tatars declared themselves simply as "Tatars" and few declared themselves as "Astrakhan Tatars". Many Volga Tatars live in Astrakhan Oblast, and differences between the two groups have been disappearing.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}