Editing Targum (section)

==Other Targumim on the Torah==
There are also a variety of western ''targumim'' on the Torah, each of which was traditionally called ''Targum Yerushalmi'' ("Jerusalem Targum"), and written in Western Aramaic. An important one of these was mistakenly labeled "Targum Jonathan" in later printed versions (though all medieval authorities refer to it by its correct name). The error crept in because of an abbreviation: the printer interpreted the abbreviation ''TY'' (ת"י) to stand for ''Targum Yonathan'' (תרגום יונתן) instead of the correct ''Targum Yerushalmi'' (תרגום ירושלמי). Scholars refer to this ''targum'' as [[Targum Pseudo-Jonathan]]. To attribute this targum to [[Jonathan ben Uzziel]] flatly contradicts the Talmudic tradition (Megillah 3a), which quite clearly attributes the targum to Nevi'im alone to him, while stating that there is no official targum to the Ketuvim. In the same printed versions, a similar fragment targum is correctly labeled as ''Targum Yerushalmi''.

The Western Targumim on the Torah, or Palestinian Targumim as they are also called, consist of three manuscript groups: [[Targum Neofiti]] I, Fragment Targums, and Cairo Geniza Fragment Targums.

Of these [[Targum Neofiti]] I is the largest. It consist of 450 folios covering all books of the Pentateuch, with only a few damaged verses. The history of the manuscript begins 1587 when the censor [[Andrea de Monte]] (d. 1587) bequeathed it to Ugo Boncompagni—which presents an oddity, since Boncompagni, better known as [[Pope Gregory XIII]], died in 1585. The transmission route may instead be by a certain "Giovan Paolo Eustachio romano neophito."<ref>''Studi di biblioteconomia e storia del libro in onore di Francesco Barberi'', ed. Giorgio De Gregori, Maria Valenti – 1976 "(42) Trascrivo una supplica dell'Eustachio al Sirleto : « Giovan Paolo Eustachio romano neophito devotissimo servidor di... (44) « Die 22 mensis augusti 1602. Inventarium factum in domo illustrissimi domini Ugonis Boncompagni posita".</ref> Before this de Monte had censored it by deleting most references to idolatry. In 1602 Boncompagni's estate gave it to the [[College of the Neophytes]], a college for converts from Judaism and Islam, until 1886, when the [[Holy See]] bought it along with other manuscripts when the Collegium closed (which is the reason for the manuscripts name and its designation). It was then mistitled as a manuscript of Targum Onkelos until 1949, when [[Alejandro Díez Macho]] noticed that it differed significantly from Targum Onkelos. It was translated and published during 1968–79, and has since been considered the most important of the Palestinian Targumim, as it is by far the most complete and, apparently, the earliest as well.<ref name="McNamara">McNamara, M. (1972) ''Targum and Testament''. Shannon, Irish University Press.</ref><ref name="Sysling">Sysling, H. (1996) [https://books.google.com/books?id=eg8kJweeplcC Tehiyyat Ha-Metim]. Tübingen, JCB Mohr.</ref>

The Fragment Targums (formerly known as Targum Yerushalmi II) consist of fragments divided into ten manuscripts. Of these P, V and L were first published in 1899 by M Ginsburger, A, B, C, D, F and G in 1930 by P Kahle and E in 1955 by A Díez Macho. These manuscripts are all too fragmented to confirm what their purpose was, but they seem to be either the remains of a single complete targum or short variant readings of another targum. As a group, they often share theological views and with Targum Neofiti, which has led to the belief that they could be variant readings of that targum.<ref name="McNamara" /><ref name="Sysling" />

The [[Cairo Geniza]] Fragment Targums originate from the Ben Ezra Synagogue's genizah in Cairo. They share similarities with the Fragment Targums in that they consist of many fragmented manuscripts that have been collected in one targum-group. The manuscripts A and E are the oldest among the Palestinian Targum and have been dated to around the seventh century. Manuscripts C, E, H and Z contain only passages from Genesis, A from Exodus while MS B contain verses from both as well as from Deuteronomium.<ref name="McNamara" /><ref name="Sysling" />

The Samaritan community [[Samaritan Pentateuch#Translations|has their own Targum]] to their text of the Torah. Other Targumim were also discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/search#q='targum'|title=The Dead Sea Scrolls - Browse Manuscripts|website=www.deadseascrolls.org.il|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>